BIOD 171 module 6 exam Questions with accurate
answers 2026 updates!!!!!
Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic microorganisms? - ANSWERS💫✔️-Neither
What is an obligate intracellular parasite? - ANSWERS💫✔️-One that cannot replicate on its own,
requires a host cell
What is a viral capsid? - ANSWERS💫✔️-a membrane like protective structure that contains genetic
material
What is the viral envelope, and what does the presence (or absence) of it tell you about the type of
virus? - ANSWERS💫✔️-surrounds the viral capsid, and serves as an additional barrier to the external
environment. majority of animal viruses are enveloped, majority of plant or bacteria-infecting viruses
are not.
What type of microscope would be used to study the shape of a viral capsid? - ANSWERS💫✔️-electron
microscope because viruses are so small
How does the viral envelope both aid in cell entry as well as hide it from being detected by the
immune system? - ANSWERS💫✔️-It contains necessary proteins required for interaction with host
cells. It's derived from host cell membrane, this camouflages the virus and lowers the likelihood of
immune detection by making it appear similar to the host cell.
What must happen before viral replication of its genome can occur? - ANSWERS💫✔️-attachment and
entry
Describe the basic steps of the viral life cycle. - ANSWERS💫✔️-1. Attachment: Viral receptors bind to
host proteins on the surface
2. Entry: virus fuses with host membrane and enters the cell
3. Uncoating: viral capsid disassembles
4. Replication: viral genome provides the blueprint to make copies of itself
5. Exit: New viruses are produced and leave the cell
, 6. New infection: Newly produced viruses leave host cell and go on to infect new cells.
What is a bacteriophage? - ANSWERS💫✔️-virus that infects bacteria
What structural aspects make bacteriophages distinct from viruses that infect either animals or
plants? - ANSWERS💫✔️-icosahedral capsid head group and a helical tail with fibrous extensions that
aid in binding host cells.
Which viral replicative process results in the destruction of the host cell? - ANSWERS💫✔️-Lytic
Describe the appearance of a bacterial culture infected with virus at the time of infection versus later
once viral replication is occurring at a high rate. - ANSWERS💫✔️-At the time of infection, the culture
appears cloudy. As the infection lowers bacterial cell numbers due to lysis, the culture appears
clearer.
To what family of viruses does rubella come from and how is it transmitted? - ANSWERS💫✔️-
Togaviridae, transmitted through airborne particles
What is the common name for rubeola, and is it a DNA or RNA virus? - ANSWERS💫✔️-measles, RNA
What disease state emerges as a viral reactivation of a prior infection with the varicella virus? -
ANSWERS💫✔️-shingles
What linear, double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus is the first virus (as of October 26, 1977) to be
declared eradicated? - ANSWERS💫✔️-Smallpox
What are the two key glycoproteins found in the influenza virus? - ANSWERS💫✔️-hemagglutinins (HA)
and neuraminidase (N)
Describe the composition of HIV. - ANSWERS💫✔️-contains two copies of single-stranded, linear RNA
enclosed by a capsid. capsid is comprised of 2,000 copies of the viral protein p24. Has a viral envelope.
answers 2026 updates!!!!!
Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic microorganisms? - ANSWERS💫✔️-Neither
What is an obligate intracellular parasite? - ANSWERS💫✔️-One that cannot replicate on its own,
requires a host cell
What is a viral capsid? - ANSWERS💫✔️-a membrane like protective structure that contains genetic
material
What is the viral envelope, and what does the presence (or absence) of it tell you about the type of
virus? - ANSWERS💫✔️-surrounds the viral capsid, and serves as an additional barrier to the external
environment. majority of animal viruses are enveloped, majority of plant or bacteria-infecting viruses
are not.
What type of microscope would be used to study the shape of a viral capsid? - ANSWERS💫✔️-electron
microscope because viruses are so small
How does the viral envelope both aid in cell entry as well as hide it from being detected by the
immune system? - ANSWERS💫✔️-It contains necessary proteins required for interaction with host
cells. It's derived from host cell membrane, this camouflages the virus and lowers the likelihood of
immune detection by making it appear similar to the host cell.
What must happen before viral replication of its genome can occur? - ANSWERS💫✔️-attachment and
entry
Describe the basic steps of the viral life cycle. - ANSWERS💫✔️-1. Attachment: Viral receptors bind to
host proteins on the surface
2. Entry: virus fuses with host membrane and enters the cell
3. Uncoating: viral capsid disassembles
4. Replication: viral genome provides the blueprint to make copies of itself
5. Exit: New viruses are produced and leave the cell
, 6. New infection: Newly produced viruses leave host cell and go on to infect new cells.
What is a bacteriophage? - ANSWERS💫✔️-virus that infects bacteria
What structural aspects make bacteriophages distinct from viruses that infect either animals or
plants? - ANSWERS💫✔️-icosahedral capsid head group and a helical tail with fibrous extensions that
aid in binding host cells.
Which viral replicative process results in the destruction of the host cell? - ANSWERS💫✔️-Lytic
Describe the appearance of a bacterial culture infected with virus at the time of infection versus later
once viral replication is occurring at a high rate. - ANSWERS💫✔️-At the time of infection, the culture
appears cloudy. As the infection lowers bacterial cell numbers due to lysis, the culture appears
clearer.
To what family of viruses does rubella come from and how is it transmitted? - ANSWERS💫✔️-
Togaviridae, transmitted through airborne particles
What is the common name for rubeola, and is it a DNA or RNA virus? - ANSWERS💫✔️-measles, RNA
What disease state emerges as a viral reactivation of a prior infection with the varicella virus? -
ANSWERS💫✔️-shingles
What linear, double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus is the first virus (as of October 26, 1977) to be
declared eradicated? - ANSWERS💫✔️-Smallpox
What are the two key glycoproteins found in the influenza virus? - ANSWERS💫✔️-hemagglutinins (HA)
and neuraminidase (N)
Describe the composition of HIV. - ANSWERS💫✔️-contains two copies of single-stranded, linear RNA
enclosed by a capsid. capsid is comprised of 2,000 copies of the viral protein p24. Has a viral envelope.
