1
ATI TEAS ALL SECTIONS PREP
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
2026 UPDATED
Anatomy: is what you see with your eyes in the human body.
Microscopic Anatomy: examines cells and molecules.
Cytology: study of cells.
Histology: study of tissues.
Physiology: is the study of functions of anatomical structures.
*Smallest living is a CELL.
*Smallest organisms is a ATOM.
Levels of Hierarchy
Atom- the most basic complete unit of an element.
Molecule- a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental
unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Organelles- are cells parts that function within a cell.
Cells- the basic structural unit of an organism from which living things created. Is
one individual cell.
, 2
Tissues- a group of cells with similar structure that functions together as a unit, but
at a lower level than organs.
, 3
Organ- a self contained part of an organism that performs specific functions. Is
formed by two or more similar tissues.
Organ System- functional groups of organs that work together within the
body: circulatory, integumentary, skeletal, reproductive, digestive, urinary,
respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic, muscular and nervous.
Humans have 11 Organ Systems.
Cells Structure
• Nucleus - holds the cells DNA in form of chromatin
• Ribosomes- small structures that build proteins “amino acids”.
• Golgi Apparatus- modifies and packages proteins secreted from cell.
• Vacuoles - storage, digestion and waste removal.
• Cytoskeletal- series of rod shaped proteins that provide shape/support cell.
• Microtubules - part of the cytoskeletal.
• Cytosol - liquid material in cell.
• Cell membrane - separate internal and external cellular environment
allows material to enter and exit cell.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum- smooth or rough transport system of the cell.
• Mitochondria- generates ATP powerhouse of the cell. ATP production is
called cellular respiration
Animal Cells
Centrosome- pairs of centrioles involved in mitosis.
Centriole- cylinders involved in cellular division.
Lysosomes- the purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They might be used to
digest food or break down the cell when it dies.
Cilia- cause cell to move.
Flagella- whip tail to move cell.
TISSUES:
Group of CELLS.
, 4
Muscle, Nerve, Epithelial, Connective.
1. Epithelial: (joined together tightly) Example. Skin
2. Connective: (dense, loose, or fatty) Example. Tissue, Cartilage, Tendons,
Ligaments, Fat, Blood, Lymph.
ATI TEAS ALL SECTIONS PREP
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
2026 UPDATED
Anatomy: is what you see with your eyes in the human body.
Microscopic Anatomy: examines cells and molecules.
Cytology: study of cells.
Histology: study of tissues.
Physiology: is the study of functions of anatomical structures.
*Smallest living is a CELL.
*Smallest organisms is a ATOM.
Levels of Hierarchy
Atom- the most basic complete unit of an element.
Molecule- a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental
unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Organelles- are cells parts that function within a cell.
Cells- the basic structural unit of an organism from which living things created. Is
one individual cell.
, 2
Tissues- a group of cells with similar structure that functions together as a unit, but
at a lower level than organs.
, 3
Organ- a self contained part of an organism that performs specific functions. Is
formed by two or more similar tissues.
Organ System- functional groups of organs that work together within the
body: circulatory, integumentary, skeletal, reproductive, digestive, urinary,
respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic, muscular and nervous.
Humans have 11 Organ Systems.
Cells Structure
• Nucleus - holds the cells DNA in form of chromatin
• Ribosomes- small structures that build proteins “amino acids”.
• Golgi Apparatus- modifies and packages proteins secreted from cell.
• Vacuoles - storage, digestion and waste removal.
• Cytoskeletal- series of rod shaped proteins that provide shape/support cell.
• Microtubules - part of the cytoskeletal.
• Cytosol - liquid material in cell.
• Cell membrane - separate internal and external cellular environment
allows material to enter and exit cell.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum- smooth or rough transport system of the cell.
• Mitochondria- generates ATP powerhouse of the cell. ATP production is
called cellular respiration
Animal Cells
Centrosome- pairs of centrioles involved in mitosis.
Centriole- cylinders involved in cellular division.
Lysosomes- the purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They might be used to
digest food or break down the cell when it dies.
Cilia- cause cell to move.
Flagella- whip tail to move cell.
TISSUES:
Group of CELLS.
, 4
Muscle, Nerve, Epithelial, Connective.
1. Epithelial: (joined together tightly) Example. Skin
2. Connective: (dense, loose, or fatty) Example. Tissue, Cartilage, Tendons,
Ligaments, Fat, Blood, Lymph.
