BIO250 MICROBIOLOGY 2026 CELLULAR
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION STUDY
MANUAL
◉Microorganisms include.... Answer: bacteria, viruses, fungi,
protozoa, helminths (worms), algae
◉Origins of microorganisms. Answer: bacteria-like organisms have
existed for 3.5 billion years, there are prokaryotes (pre-nucleus,
simple cells) and eukaryotes (true nucleus, complex cells)
◉Microbial structure. Answer: two cell lines are prokaryotes
(microscopic unicellular organisms without nuclei and membrane
bound organelles) and eukaryotes (microscopic multicellular with
nucleus and membrane bound organelles). the other is viruses
(acellular, parasitic particles with a nucleic acid and protein)
◉Bacteria. Answer:
◉Fungi. Answer:
◉Algae. Answer:
, ◉Virus. Answer:
◉Protozoa. Answer:
◉Helminths. Answer:
◉Microbes in energy and nutrient flow. Answer: the flow of energy
though the earth ecosystems
◉Photosynthesis (microbes in energy and nutrient flow). Answer:
light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material
◉Decomposition (microbes in energy and nutrient flow). Answer:
breakdown of the dead matter and wastes into simple compounds
◉Biotechnology. Answer: in human use of microorganisms, this is
production of foods, drugs, and vaccines using living organisms
◉Genetic engineering. Answer: in human use of microorganisms,
manipulating the genes of organisms to make new products
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION STUDY
MANUAL
◉Microorganisms include.... Answer: bacteria, viruses, fungi,
protozoa, helminths (worms), algae
◉Origins of microorganisms. Answer: bacteria-like organisms have
existed for 3.5 billion years, there are prokaryotes (pre-nucleus,
simple cells) and eukaryotes (true nucleus, complex cells)
◉Microbial structure. Answer: two cell lines are prokaryotes
(microscopic unicellular organisms without nuclei and membrane
bound organelles) and eukaryotes (microscopic multicellular with
nucleus and membrane bound organelles). the other is viruses
(acellular, parasitic particles with a nucleic acid and protein)
◉Bacteria. Answer:
◉Fungi. Answer:
◉Algae. Answer:
, ◉Virus. Answer:
◉Protozoa. Answer:
◉Helminths. Answer:
◉Microbes in energy and nutrient flow. Answer: the flow of energy
though the earth ecosystems
◉Photosynthesis (microbes in energy and nutrient flow). Answer:
light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material
◉Decomposition (microbes in energy and nutrient flow). Answer:
breakdown of the dead matter and wastes into simple compounds
◉Biotechnology. Answer: in human use of microorganisms, this is
production of foods, drugs, and vaccines using living organisms
◉Genetic engineering. Answer: in human use of microorganisms,
manipulating the genes of organisms to make new products
