PMP CERTIFICATION EXAM ACTUAL PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A PLUS COMPLETE REVIEW SET 800 ITEMS
◉ Planned Value (PV).
Answer: The portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to
be spent on an activity during a given period. Planned % Complete x
BAC
◉ Actual Cost (AC).
Answer: The realized cost incurred for the work performed on an
activity during a specific time period.
◉ Budget at Completion (BAC).
Answer: The sum of all budgets established for the work to be
performed.
◉ Estimate to Complete (ETC).
Answer: The expected cost to finish all the remaining project work.
EAC - AC
◉ Estimate at Completion (EAC).
,Answer: The expected total cost of completing all work expressed as
the sum of the actual cost to date and the estimate to complete. BAC
/ CPI
◉ Cost Performance Index (CPI).
Answer: A measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources
expressed as the ratio of earned value to actual cost. EV / AC
◉ Schedule Performance Index (SPI).
Answer: A measure of schedule efficiency expressed as the ratio of
earned value to planned value. EV / PV
◉ To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI).
Answer: A measure of the cost performance that is required to be
achieved with the remaining resources in order to meet a specified
management goal, expressed as the ratio of the cost to finish the
outstanding work to the remaining budget. (BAC - EV) / (BAC - AC)
◉ Cost Variance (CV).
Answer: EV - AC
Negative is over budget; positive is under budget
◉ Schedule Variance (SV).
Answer: EV - PV
,Negative is behind schedule; positive is ahead of schedule
◉ Variance at Completion (VAC).
Answer: A projection of the amount of budget deficit or surplus,
expressed as the difference between the budget at completion and
the estimate at completion. BAC - EAC
◉ Economic Value Added (EVA).
Answer: Net operating profit after taxes minus (capital x cost of
capital); a measure of the economic value of an investment or
project
◉ Future Value (FV).
Answer: the value of future cash flows discounted at the appropriate
discount rate FV = PV(1+r)^n
◉ Return on Invested Capital (ROIC).
Answer: Net income after tax / Invested Tax (smaller is better)
◉ Order of Magnitude Estimate.
Answer: A high-level estimate of the time and cost of a project based
on the actual cost and duration of a similar project. -50% to +100%
, ◉ Conceptual Estimate.
Answer: a cost estimate based on very little design information and
using gross unit pricing to determine the project cost. -30% to +50%
◉ Preliminary Estimate.
Answer: -20% to +30% estimate range
◉ Definitive Estimate.
Answer: -15% to +20% estimate range
◉ Control Estimate.
Answer: -10% to +15% estimate range
◉ Delphi Technique.
Answer: A decision-making technique in which group members do
not meet face-to-face but respond in writing to questions posed by
the group leader. Prevents biasing opinions and groupthink.
◉ Nominal Group Technique.
Answer: Brainstormed ideas are voted upon and sorted by priority
◉ Scope Baseline.
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A PLUS COMPLETE REVIEW SET 800 ITEMS
◉ Planned Value (PV).
Answer: The portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to
be spent on an activity during a given period. Planned % Complete x
BAC
◉ Actual Cost (AC).
Answer: The realized cost incurred for the work performed on an
activity during a specific time period.
◉ Budget at Completion (BAC).
Answer: The sum of all budgets established for the work to be
performed.
◉ Estimate to Complete (ETC).
Answer: The expected cost to finish all the remaining project work.
EAC - AC
◉ Estimate at Completion (EAC).
,Answer: The expected total cost of completing all work expressed as
the sum of the actual cost to date and the estimate to complete. BAC
/ CPI
◉ Cost Performance Index (CPI).
Answer: A measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources
expressed as the ratio of earned value to actual cost. EV / AC
◉ Schedule Performance Index (SPI).
Answer: A measure of schedule efficiency expressed as the ratio of
earned value to planned value. EV / PV
◉ To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI).
Answer: A measure of the cost performance that is required to be
achieved with the remaining resources in order to meet a specified
management goal, expressed as the ratio of the cost to finish the
outstanding work to the remaining budget. (BAC - EV) / (BAC - AC)
◉ Cost Variance (CV).
Answer: EV - AC
Negative is over budget; positive is under budget
◉ Schedule Variance (SV).
Answer: EV - PV
,Negative is behind schedule; positive is ahead of schedule
◉ Variance at Completion (VAC).
Answer: A projection of the amount of budget deficit or surplus,
expressed as the difference between the budget at completion and
the estimate at completion. BAC - EAC
◉ Economic Value Added (EVA).
Answer: Net operating profit after taxes minus (capital x cost of
capital); a measure of the economic value of an investment or
project
◉ Future Value (FV).
Answer: the value of future cash flows discounted at the appropriate
discount rate FV = PV(1+r)^n
◉ Return on Invested Capital (ROIC).
Answer: Net income after tax / Invested Tax (smaller is better)
◉ Order of Magnitude Estimate.
Answer: A high-level estimate of the time and cost of a project based
on the actual cost and duration of a similar project. -50% to +100%
, ◉ Conceptual Estimate.
Answer: a cost estimate based on very little design information and
using gross unit pricing to determine the project cost. -30% to +50%
◉ Preliminary Estimate.
Answer: -20% to +30% estimate range
◉ Definitive Estimate.
Answer: -15% to +20% estimate range
◉ Control Estimate.
Answer: -10% to +15% estimate range
◉ Delphi Technique.
Answer: A decision-making technique in which group members do
not meet face-to-face but respond in writing to questions posed by
the group leader. Prevents biasing opinions and groupthink.
◉ Nominal Group Technique.
Answer: Brainstormed ideas are voted upon and sorted by priority
◉ Scope Baseline.
