CMN 574 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS LATEST VERSION

CMN 574 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS LATEST VERSION What is the most important cause/source of COPD in North America? a. Pulmonary fibrosis b. cigarette smoking c. cystic fibrosis d. marijuana use - ANSWER️* b. cigarette smoking Rationale: According to McPhee, Chapter 9, p. 256, cigarette smoking is clearly the most important cause of COPD in North America. Pulmonary fibrosis and Cystic Fibrosis do not cause COPD. Chesnutt, M., & Prendergast, Thomas. (2015). Pulmonary disorders. In M. A. Papadakis, & S. J. McPhee (Eds.), CURRENT medical diagnosis & treatment (54th ed.,pp.861--‐889). New York, NY: McGraw--‐Hill Education. Which of the following statements best describe community acquired pneumonia (CAP)? a. Pneumonia occurring 48 hours or greater after admission to the hospital b. Pneumonia occurring in community members who have extensive contact with healthcare workers c. Pneumonia developing in an 85 y/o frail female who is undergoing rehabilitation from a pelvic fracture d. Pneumonia occurring in an ambulatory patient, not a resident of a nursing home - ANSWER️*d. Pneumonia occurring in an ambulatory patient, not a resident of a nursing home Rationale: According to McPhee, Chapter 9, page 267 and 271, CAP is diagnosed outside of the hospital in ambulatory patients who are not residents of nursing homes or other long-term care facilities. Pneumonia occurring after 48 hours of admission is considered hospital--‐acquired pneumonia (HAP). Pneumonia occurring in community members whose extensive contact with healthcare has changed their risk for virulent and drug resistant organisms and is considered Health care associated pneumonia (HCAP). Chesnutt, M., & Prendergast, Thomas. (2015). Pulmonary disorders. In M. A. Papadakis, & S. J. McPhee (Eds.), CURRENT medical diagnosis & treatment (54th ed., pp. 861--‐889). New York, NY: McGraw--‐Hill Education. An 18 -month old female patient presents to your office today for a routine well check-up. Mom states that she is concerned because her daughter is still not talking and is only able to say "mama" and "dada". Which of the following statements by nurse practitioner is most appropriate? a. This is a normal pattern of speech and language development; there is no reason to be concerned. b. She should be able to speak in three word phrases at 18 months. c. At 18 months children usually are able to say 5- 10 comprehensible words. d. We can do a Ballard Score Assessment to further assess her language development. - ANSWER️*c. At 18 months children usually are able to say 5- 10 comprehensible words. Rationale: Children usually have 5- 10 comprehensive words by 12-18 months and by 2 years they are putting 2-3 words into phrases. Additionally, caregivers can understand 50% of what the child says at 12-18 months (Goldson & Reynolds, 2014, p. 84). The Ballard Score Assessment is a method to estimate the gestational age of an infant (Rosenberg & Grover, 2014, p. 9). A 17-year-old patient presents to your clinic today with her mom and wants to be put on an oral contraceptive pill (OCP). The nurse practitioner knows that which of the following is an absolute contraindication to prescribing OCP? a. Mom has a history of breast cancer b. Patient has a personal history of migraines with aura c. Patient has dysmenorrhea d. Patient has a history of ovarian cysts - ANSWER️*b. Patient has a personal history of migraines with aura Rationale: Absolute contraindications to combined oral contraceptive pills are pregnancy, breast feeding within 6 weeks of childbirth, hypertension (SBP 160 or DBP 100), history of thrombophlebitis, current thromboembolic disorder, cerebrovascular diseases, ischemic heart disease, known thrombogenic mutations, system lupus erythematosus, complicated valvular heart disease, diabetes (with nephropathy, retinopathy or neuropathy), liver disease, current breast cancer, migraines headaches with aura, major surgery with prolonged. Additionally, health benefits of oral contraceptive pills are dysmenorrhea and functional ovarian cysts (Sass & Kaplan, 2014, p.150-151). Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea may be specific for cardiac disease and is characterized by: a. sleep apnea and snoring b. fits of coughing that occur while sleeping c. orthopnea d. shortness of breath occurring abruptly during sleep, relieved after standing or sitting - ANSWER️*d. shortness of breath occurring abruptly during sleep, relieved after standing or sitting Rationale: Orthopnea is dyspnea that occurs in recumbency and results from an increase in central blood volume when supine. It may also result from pulmonary disease and obesity. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is shortness of breath that occurs abruptly 30 minutes to 4 hours after going to bed and is relieved after 10 or 20 minutes by sitting up or standing up; this symptom is more specific for cardiac disease. A previously healthy18 month old child is brought in with wheezing following 2 days of cough, fever and rhinorrhea, O2 saturations are normal. The presumed diagnosis is most likely_____ and the best treatment at this time is ______: a. bronchitis; ampicillin b. rhinitis; antihistamines c. asthma; bronchodilators d. bronchiolitis; supportive care - ANSWER️* d. bronchiolitis; supportive care Rationale: Bronchiolitis is the most common acute respiratory illness in infants and young children and is typically caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The diagnosis of bronchiolitis in the U.S. is based upon age 2 yrs and clinical findings including an upper respiratory infection that has progressed to cough, tachypnea, respiratory distress or wheezing. There is no evidence to support the use of antibiotics in children with bronchiolitis unless there is an indication of an associated bacterial pneumonia. Bronchodilators and corticosteroids have not been shown to change the severity or the length of the illness in bronchiolitis and therefore are not recommended. Most children with RSV bronchiolitis are readily treated as outpatients-- hospitalization is required in infected children with hypoxemia on room air, a history of apnea,moderate tachypnea with feeding difficulties, and marked respiratory distress with retractions. Federico M. J., et al. (2013). Respiratory tract & mediastinum. In W. W. Hay, Jr., M. J. Levin, R. R. Deterding, & M. J. Abzug (Eds), Current diagnosis & treatment: Pediatrics, (22nd ed., pp. 534-587). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.