BIOLOGY EXAMS 1–4 2026 EDITION
COMPLETE PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES COMPREHENSIVE BIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Consider the previous image. Does water move into or out of "B" by
osmosis? - CORRECT ANSWER -Out of
Consider the previous image. Which of the following best describes the
solute concentration of the filtrate as it moves up through "C"? - CORRECT
ANSWER -The filtrate becomes less concentrated.
What does it mean if the blood pressure of a person is 110/80 ? - CORRECT
ANSWER -The blood pressure during ventricular relaxation (between
heartbeats) is 80.
A neuron at rest has a negative resting potential (i.e., the neuron maintains
a negative charge). How is the negative resting potential achieved? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Two of the above.
You prop open the gill covers of a fish, tie a string around the fish's tail, and
pull it backwards through the water. This action forces water to flow into
the back of the gill covers and out through the fish's mouth (the opposite
,direction that water normally flows across gills). What effect would this
backwards movement of water flow likely have on gas exchange? -
CORRECT ANSWER -It would reduce the amount of oxygen absorbed in the
gills since water is now flowing in the same direction as blood is moving
through the capillaries.
Use the following figure to answer the next three questions.
What causes levels of "E" (progesterone) to decrease, and what happens as
a result? - CORRECT ANSWER -Conception has not occurred and, therefore,
the corpus luteum breaks down and produces less and less progesterone;
the endometrium breaks down thus beginning the menstrual cycle.
What is responsible for the increase in estradiol shown in "B" and what
effect does it have? - CORRECT ANSWER -The growing follicle secretes
estradiol, which stimulates initial development of the endometrium in
preparation for a potential pregnancy.
The corpus luteum ("D") is retained if fertilization were to occur due to the
presence of which hormone? - CORRECT ANSWER -Human chorionic
gonadotropin (HCG)
A man takes a drug aimed at lowering his blood pressure. A Which of the
following statements is NOT true of all living things? - CORRECT ANSWER -
They require oxygen.
A solution with a pH of 4 has how many more H+ (hydrogen ions) than a
solution with a pH of 7? - CORRECT ANSWER -1000 times more
, Hydrogen bonds can form between water molecules because - CORRECT
ANSWER -the oxygen atom in a water molecule has a slight negative charge
while the hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge.
The image below represents a model of the molecular structure of collagen
(the major protein found in skin, ligaments, and tendons). Notice that it
consists of 3 separate chains of amino acids. This protein displays: -
CORRECT ANSWER -More than one of the above.
Which of the following is true concerning the molecule illustrated below? -
CORRECT ANSWER -It represents a saturated fat.
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'-ATTCGA-3',
the complimentary strand would have the sequence - CORRECT ANSWER -
3'-TAAGCT-5'
Lipitor is a drug that binds to the active site of the HMG-CoA enzyme thus
reducing the amount of cholesterol synthesized in the liver. In general, by
what mechanism does Lipitor work? - CORRECT ANSWER -competitive
inhibition
Which of the following is true of the atom below? Assume that it is a neutral
atom. - CORRECT ANSWER -It can form two covalent bonds, it has an
atomic number of 8, and it's nucleus must contain 8 protons.
J. Hämmerling conducted experiments with Acetabularia that investigated
which part of the cell controlled growth and development. One of his
experiments is outlined below. Based on this experiment as well as
COMPLETE PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES COMPREHENSIVE BIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Consider the previous image. Does water move into or out of "B" by
osmosis? - CORRECT ANSWER -Out of
Consider the previous image. Which of the following best describes the
solute concentration of the filtrate as it moves up through "C"? - CORRECT
ANSWER -The filtrate becomes less concentrated.
What does it mean if the blood pressure of a person is 110/80 ? - CORRECT
ANSWER -The blood pressure during ventricular relaxation (between
heartbeats) is 80.
A neuron at rest has a negative resting potential (i.e., the neuron maintains
a negative charge). How is the negative resting potential achieved? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Two of the above.
You prop open the gill covers of a fish, tie a string around the fish's tail, and
pull it backwards through the water. This action forces water to flow into
the back of the gill covers and out through the fish's mouth (the opposite
,direction that water normally flows across gills). What effect would this
backwards movement of water flow likely have on gas exchange? -
CORRECT ANSWER -It would reduce the amount of oxygen absorbed in the
gills since water is now flowing in the same direction as blood is moving
through the capillaries.
Use the following figure to answer the next three questions.
What causes levels of "E" (progesterone) to decrease, and what happens as
a result? - CORRECT ANSWER -Conception has not occurred and, therefore,
the corpus luteum breaks down and produces less and less progesterone;
the endometrium breaks down thus beginning the menstrual cycle.
What is responsible for the increase in estradiol shown in "B" and what
effect does it have? - CORRECT ANSWER -The growing follicle secretes
estradiol, which stimulates initial development of the endometrium in
preparation for a potential pregnancy.
The corpus luteum ("D") is retained if fertilization were to occur due to the
presence of which hormone? - CORRECT ANSWER -Human chorionic
gonadotropin (HCG)
A man takes a drug aimed at lowering his blood pressure. A Which of the
following statements is NOT true of all living things? - CORRECT ANSWER -
They require oxygen.
A solution with a pH of 4 has how many more H+ (hydrogen ions) than a
solution with a pH of 7? - CORRECT ANSWER -1000 times more
, Hydrogen bonds can form between water molecules because - CORRECT
ANSWER -the oxygen atom in a water molecule has a slight negative charge
while the hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge.
The image below represents a model of the molecular structure of collagen
(the major protein found in skin, ligaments, and tendons). Notice that it
consists of 3 separate chains of amino acids. This protein displays: -
CORRECT ANSWER -More than one of the above.
Which of the following is true concerning the molecule illustrated below? -
CORRECT ANSWER -It represents a saturated fat.
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'-ATTCGA-3',
the complimentary strand would have the sequence - CORRECT ANSWER -
3'-TAAGCT-5'
Lipitor is a drug that binds to the active site of the HMG-CoA enzyme thus
reducing the amount of cholesterol synthesized in the liver. In general, by
what mechanism does Lipitor work? - CORRECT ANSWER -competitive
inhibition
Which of the following is true of the atom below? Assume that it is a neutral
atom. - CORRECT ANSWER -It can form two covalent bonds, it has an
atomic number of 8, and it's nucleus must contain 8 protons.
J. Hämmerling conducted experiments with Acetabularia that investigated
which part of the cell controlled growth and development. One of his
experiments is outlined below. Based on this experiment as well as
