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Psych 3CC3 midterm 2 quiz Test Bank
Comprehensive Exam Study Guide Latest
Updated 2026/2027
Eyewitness testimony
We described a number of encoding, or storage/retrival factors that contribute to
memory errors. Which of the following was NOT an encoding factor we mentioned?
a. exposure duration
b. arousal level
c. distraction
d. inferences
e. all of the above are encoding errors
We described the study by Wise et al (2009) that aske prosecutors and defense
attorneys to evaluate the truth of statements about eyewitness testimony. The
results of this study indicated that:
a. defense attorneys were more accurate than prosecutors in judging the truth
of statements about eyewitness testimony
The value of using signal detection measures of d’ or AUC as measures of witness
accuracy is that:
They both assess discriminability separate from response bias
A set of eigenfaces:
1. are mathematical descriptions of face elements that can be combined to
reproduce any face in a face-space.
2. is a set of faces constructed by randomly varying elements of a witnesses
likeness (or description) of an offender.
3. is a set of faces which, when combined in any way, always produces a existing
member of a face-space.
4. is a set of idealized faces from which the closest match to an offender can be
chosen.
5. none of the above
The U.S. Department of Justice Report of 1999 made a number of recommendations
designed to improve the accuracy of live lineups. Which of the following
was NOT one of those recommendations?
1. There should be only one suspect in each lineup.
2. Instructions to the witness should clearly indicate that the offender might not be
present.
3. Foils should be selected using a match-to-suspect procedure.
4. There should be at least four foils in the lineup.
5. All of the above ARE recommendations of the 1999 Report
We distinguished biased from unbiased lineup instructions by noting
that biased lineup instructions:
1. put pressure on the witness to make a choice.
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2. do not explicitly indicate that the offender might not be present.
3. implicitly suggestion which lineup member is the real suspect.
4. do not indicate that the subject is not required to make any choice at all.
5. none of the above
A face-space: (1 point)
1. mathematically defines the range of variation in a set of mug book or lineup
faces.
2. is a multidimensional space in which faces are related by overall similarity.
3. is a mathematical description of facial similarity based on a genetic algorithm
4. is the set of faces, or face components, from which an offender composite is
constructed.
5. none of the above
In eyewitness identification, the verbal overshadowing effect refers to the
observation that: (1 point)
1. the confidence of a witness in the accuracy of their lineup identification is
raised if other witnesses, or police officers, suggest that she has made the
correct choice.
2. witnesses are less accurate identifying the offender from a lineup if they have
given a verbal description of the offender beforehand.
3. an offender's verbal description of a suspect or offender is influenced by the
appearance of people she has seen in a live or photo lineup, whether or not she
has identified any of them as the offender.
4. a witnessess verbal description of an offender is typically more accurate than
the visual composites they may produce.
5. none of the above
Which of the following statements about the effects of biased lineup instructions
is NOT TRUE?
1. Biased instructions decrease the probability of hits in target-absent lineups.
2. Biased instructions increase the probability of false alarms in target-absent
lineups.
3. Biased instructions decrease the probability of misses in target-present lineups.
4. Biased instructions increase the probability of hits in target-present lineups.
5. All of the above are TRUE
Evidence concerning the source of the verbal overshadowing effect indicates that:
1. the effect does not appear if the offender and the witness are of different races.
2. engaging in nonverbal tasks (e.g., listening to music) does not eliminates the
effect.
3. the effect increases with the delay between providing the verbal description and
making the visual identification in a live or photo lineup.
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4. only a verbal description of the offender's face, not any other face, produces the
effect.
5. none of the above
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Which of the following statements about offender identifications from mug book
pictures is NOT TRUE?
1. A person incorrectly identified as the offender from a mug book photo is more
likely to be selected in a subsequent live lineup.
2. Vewing mug book photos reduces the probability that the offender will be
correctly identified in a subsequent lineup, even if the offender's picture was
not in the mug book.
3. The later in a mug book the offender's picture appears, the less likely it is to be
identified.
4. The offender is less likely to be identified correctly the more mug book pictures
the witness has viewed.
5. all of the above are TRUE
In discussing field tests of Photofit or Identikit composites we noted that:
1. composites were more likely to be rated as ?useful' or ?very useful' to the
solution of solved crimes than they were to be rated 'not very useful' or 'no use
at all'.
2. composites were considered to be entirely responsible for the solution of about
5% of solved crimes.
3. composites were rated as ?no use at all' or ?not very useful' to the solution of
about 45% of solved crimes.
4. in Israel, Identikit composites made a significant contribution to the solution of
about 10% of crimes in which a conviction was obtained.
5. all of the above
Lab tests of the accuracy of Photofit composites by Haydn Ellis and his colleagues
indicate that:
1. independent judges are able to select the photo from which a Photofit likeness
was drawn on slightly more than 35% of trials.
2. Photofit composites are more accurate guides to an offender's description than
are verbal descriptions.
3. Photofit likenesses created from a photograph of the target are more accurate
than likenesses created from memory.
4. Photofit likenesses from same-race witnesses are more accurate than those from
different-race witnesses.
5. None of the above
In the Loftus & Palmer (1974) study, participants were asked to estimate the speed of
cars they had seen in an accident film, and a week later were asked questions about
what they had seen at the scene of the accident. Which of the following was NOT a
result of the study?
l ?
Psych 3CC3 midterm 2 quiz Test Bank
Comprehensive Exam Study Guide Latest
Updated 2026/2027
Eyewitness testimony
We described a number of encoding, or storage/retrival factors that contribute to
memory errors. Which of the following was NOT an encoding factor we mentioned?
a. exposure duration
b. arousal level
c. distraction
d. inferences
e. all of the above are encoding errors
We described the study by Wise et al (2009) that aske prosecutors and defense
attorneys to evaluate the truth of statements about eyewitness testimony. The
results of this study indicated that:
a. defense attorneys were more accurate than prosecutors in judging the truth
of statements about eyewitness testimony
The value of using signal detection measures of d’ or AUC as measures of witness
accuracy is that:
They both assess discriminability separate from response bias
A set of eigenfaces:
1. are mathematical descriptions of face elements that can be combined to
reproduce any face in a face-space.
2. is a set of faces constructed by randomly varying elements of a witnesses
likeness (or description) of an offender.
3. is a set of faces which, when combined in any way, always produces a existing
member of a face-space.
4. is a set of idealized faces from which the closest match to an offender can be
chosen.
5. none of the above
The U.S. Department of Justice Report of 1999 made a number of recommendations
designed to improve the accuracy of live lineups. Which of the following
was NOT one of those recommendations?
1. There should be only one suspect in each lineup.
2. Instructions to the witness should clearly indicate that the offender might not be
present.
3. Foils should be selected using a match-to-suspect procedure.
4. There should be at least four foils in the lineup.
5. All of the above ARE recommendations of the 1999 Report
We distinguished biased from unbiased lineup instructions by noting
that biased lineup instructions:
1. put pressure on the witness to make a choice.
l ?
, l
2. do not explicitly indicate that the offender might not be present.
3. implicitly suggestion which lineup member is the real suspect.
4. do not indicate that the subject is not required to make any choice at all.
5. none of the above
A face-space: (1 point)
1. mathematically defines the range of variation in a set of mug book or lineup
faces.
2. is a multidimensional space in which faces are related by overall similarity.
3. is a mathematical description of facial similarity based on a genetic algorithm
4. is the set of faces, or face components, from which an offender composite is
constructed.
5. none of the above
In eyewitness identification, the verbal overshadowing effect refers to the
observation that: (1 point)
1. the confidence of a witness in the accuracy of their lineup identification is
raised if other witnesses, or police officers, suggest that she has made the
correct choice.
2. witnesses are less accurate identifying the offender from a lineup if they have
given a verbal description of the offender beforehand.
3. an offender's verbal description of a suspect or offender is influenced by the
appearance of people she has seen in a live or photo lineup, whether or not she
has identified any of them as the offender.
4. a witnessess verbal description of an offender is typically more accurate than
the visual composites they may produce.
5. none of the above
Which of the following statements about the effects of biased lineup instructions
is NOT TRUE?
1. Biased instructions decrease the probability of hits in target-absent lineups.
2. Biased instructions increase the probability of false alarms in target-absent
lineups.
3. Biased instructions decrease the probability of misses in target-present lineups.
4. Biased instructions increase the probability of hits in target-present lineups.
5. All of the above are TRUE
Evidence concerning the source of the verbal overshadowing effect indicates that:
1. the effect does not appear if the offender and the witness are of different races.
2. engaging in nonverbal tasks (e.g., listening to music) does not eliminates the
effect.
3. the effect increases with the delay between providing the verbal description and
making the visual identification in a live or photo lineup.
l ?
, l
4. only a verbal description of the offender's face, not any other face, produces the
effect.
5. none of the above
l ?
, l
Which of the following statements about offender identifications from mug book
pictures is NOT TRUE?
1. A person incorrectly identified as the offender from a mug book photo is more
likely to be selected in a subsequent live lineup.
2. Vewing mug book photos reduces the probability that the offender will be
correctly identified in a subsequent lineup, even if the offender's picture was
not in the mug book.
3. The later in a mug book the offender's picture appears, the less likely it is to be
identified.
4. The offender is less likely to be identified correctly the more mug book pictures
the witness has viewed.
5. all of the above are TRUE
In discussing field tests of Photofit or Identikit composites we noted that:
1. composites were more likely to be rated as ?useful' or ?very useful' to the
solution of solved crimes than they were to be rated 'not very useful' or 'no use
at all'.
2. composites were considered to be entirely responsible for the solution of about
5% of solved crimes.
3. composites were rated as ?no use at all' or ?not very useful' to the solution of
about 45% of solved crimes.
4. in Israel, Identikit composites made a significant contribution to the solution of
about 10% of crimes in which a conviction was obtained.
5. all of the above
Lab tests of the accuracy of Photofit composites by Haydn Ellis and his colleagues
indicate that:
1. independent judges are able to select the photo from which a Photofit likeness
was drawn on slightly more than 35% of trials.
2. Photofit composites are more accurate guides to an offender's description than
are verbal descriptions.
3. Photofit likenesses created from a photograph of the target are more accurate
than likenesses created from memory.
4. Photofit likenesses from same-race witnesses are more accurate than those from
different-race witnesses.
5. None of the above
In the Loftus & Palmer (1974) study, participants were asked to estimate the speed of
cars they had seen in an accident film, and a week later were asked questions about
what they had seen at the scene of the accident. Which of the following was NOT a
result of the study?
l ?
