UKY BIO 315 Cell Biology Exam 1 Review
2026/2027 | High-Yield Study Guide |
Questions & Answers
how to uncover cell biology - correct answer-microscopy
biochemical methods
gene manipulation
microscopy - correct answer-use or examination of small objects with a
microscope
light microscopy - correct answer-use light to create images
brightfield, phase contrast, fluorescence
samples live or fixed
electron microscopy - correct answer-use electrons to create images
transmission, scanning, cryo
samples MUST be fixed
fixation of specimen - correct answer-preservation of biological sample to
preserve cells/tissue from decay
can add organic solvent, how fix critical to image quality
,newer fixation method - correct answer-specific staining method, can stain
specific structures with different colored dye
fluorescence microscopy - correct answer-two filters:
-one filters light before reaches the object and selects a wavelength that will
excite the dye
-second filters the light after it hits the specimen, allowing only wavelengths
emitted by dye chosen
-allows to label and detect specific molecules
-image multiple specific molecules at same time
transmission electron microscope - correct answer-uses beam of electrons
wavelengths vert short so sample is thin
stain sample with electron dense heavy metals
electron vs light microscope - correct answer-electron:
- more detailed resolution and less bias (do not have to choose what molecules to
label)
light:
-can label specific molecules and in many combos
-not as much detail: only as good as label
biochemical method - correct answer--practice of separating, measuring biochem
activities and proteins responsible for them
-fractionation used to separate
, how to assess the function of specific cellular protein or structure? - correct
answer--mutate/edit gene
-deplete expression of gene
-inhibit protein activity
non-parasitic flatworms and piwi 1 gene - correct answer--eliminate stem cells
(cannot regenerate)
-reduce piwi 1: can still regenerate
-shows that piwi 1 gene is strongly and specifically expressed in stem cells but not
needed for their function
DNA - correct answer--encodes the genome
-double helix
-base pairing (A and T) (C and G)
-hereditary material
Griffith Experiment (1928) - correct answer-1. Mice injected with pathogenic
smooth strain (bacteria) die
2. Mice injected with nonpathogenic rough strain are unaffected (nonvirulent)
3. mice injected with heat killed smooth strain (virulent strain) and live
4. Mice injected with heat-killed smooth strain and unaffected rough strain die;
live pathogenic bacteria are isolated from them; these bacteria remain
pathogenic in future generations
2026/2027 | High-Yield Study Guide |
Questions & Answers
how to uncover cell biology - correct answer-microscopy
biochemical methods
gene manipulation
microscopy - correct answer-use or examination of small objects with a
microscope
light microscopy - correct answer-use light to create images
brightfield, phase contrast, fluorescence
samples live or fixed
electron microscopy - correct answer-use electrons to create images
transmission, scanning, cryo
samples MUST be fixed
fixation of specimen - correct answer-preservation of biological sample to
preserve cells/tissue from decay
can add organic solvent, how fix critical to image quality
,newer fixation method - correct answer-specific staining method, can stain
specific structures with different colored dye
fluorescence microscopy - correct answer-two filters:
-one filters light before reaches the object and selects a wavelength that will
excite the dye
-second filters the light after it hits the specimen, allowing only wavelengths
emitted by dye chosen
-allows to label and detect specific molecules
-image multiple specific molecules at same time
transmission electron microscope - correct answer-uses beam of electrons
wavelengths vert short so sample is thin
stain sample with electron dense heavy metals
electron vs light microscope - correct answer-electron:
- more detailed resolution and less bias (do not have to choose what molecules to
label)
light:
-can label specific molecules and in many combos
-not as much detail: only as good as label
biochemical method - correct answer--practice of separating, measuring biochem
activities and proteins responsible for them
-fractionation used to separate
, how to assess the function of specific cellular protein or structure? - correct
answer--mutate/edit gene
-deplete expression of gene
-inhibit protein activity
non-parasitic flatworms and piwi 1 gene - correct answer--eliminate stem cells
(cannot regenerate)
-reduce piwi 1: can still regenerate
-shows that piwi 1 gene is strongly and specifically expressed in stem cells but not
needed for their function
DNA - correct answer--encodes the genome
-double helix
-base pairing (A and T) (C and G)
-hereditary material
Griffith Experiment (1928) - correct answer-1. Mice injected with pathogenic
smooth strain (bacteria) die
2. Mice injected with nonpathogenic rough strain are unaffected (nonvirulent)
3. mice injected with heat killed smooth strain (virulent strain) and live
4. Mice injected with heat-killed smooth strain and unaffected rough strain die;
live pathogenic bacteria are isolated from them; these bacteria remain
pathogenic in future generations
