FNDH 400 Study Guide Questions with Correct
Answers
T/F: Compared to amylopectin, amylose is branched and contains alpha-1-6 bonds at its
branch points.
False. Compared to amylose, amylopectin is branched and contains alpha-1-6 bonds at its
branch points.
T/F: Compared to amylopectin, an oligosaccharide is longer and contains less prevalent
alpha 1-6 bonds.
False. Compared to amylopectin, an oligosaccharide is shorter and contains more prevalent
alpha 1-6 bonds.
T/F: Compared to amylopectin, glycogen is more branched, and is found in animals.
True.
T/F: Trans fatty acids have lower melting points than cis-bond containing fatty acids,
meaning trans fatty acids are more likely to be liquid at room temperature.
False. Trans fatty acids have higher melting points than cis-bond containing fatty acids,
meaning trans fatty acids are more likely to be solid at room temperature.
T/F: In individuals with PKU, since proline cannot be converted to tryptophan because
of the mutation in proline hydroxylase, tryptophan is nonessential in these individuals.
False. In individuals with PKU, since phenylalanine cannot be converted
to tyrosine because of the mutation in phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine is conditionally
essential in these individuals.
,T/F: Individuals with PKU need to consume a high protein diet and avoid consuming
the amino acid advantame, because it can be broken down to the amino acid proline.
False. Individuals with PKU need to consume a low protein diet and avoid consuming
the alternative sweetener aspartame, because it can be broken down to the amino
acid phenylalanine.
T/F: A product that contains inulin (oligofructose) and bifidobacterium could be
considered a synbiotic.
True.
T/F: In the stomach, the hormone glucagon stimulates the release of gastric amylase and
gastric protease, which are the active digestive enzymes that digest proteins and
carbohydrates, respectively.
False. False. In the stomach, the hormone gastrin stimulates the release of
gastric lipase and pepsinogen (activated to pepsin), which are the active digestive enzymes
that digest triglycerides and proteins, respectively.
T/F: Since high-fructose corn syrup contains free fructose, it will result in more fructose
being available for uptake and absorption than sucrose.
False. Since high-fructose corn syrup contains free fructose, it will result in the same
amount of fructose being available for uptake and absorption as sucrose.
T/F: Wheat's limiting amino acids are lysine and threonine and almond's limiting
amino acid is lysine; thus, since they have similar limiting amino acids, they are
complementary proteins.
, False. Rice’s limiting amino acids are lysine and threonine and walnut’s limiting amino acid
is lysine; thus, since they have similar limiting amino acids, they are not complementary
proteins.
T/F: Heartburn is a result of a leaky pyloric sphincter, which allows gastric fluid to
reflux into the trachea.
False. Heartburn is a result of a leaky lower esophageal sphincter, which allows gastric fluid
to reflux into the esophagus.
T/F: Marasmus is a protein-energy malnutrition condition that results from sufficient
calories, but inadequate protein. A notable feature is a rotund belly.
False. Kwashiorkor is a protein-energy malnutrition condition that results from sufficient
calories, but inadequate protein. A notable feature is a rotund belly.
T/F: Fermentable, viscous fiber, since it is readily excreted in feces, increases stool bulk
and transit time thus decreasing constipation and colon cancer risk.
False. Nonfermentable, nonviscous fiber, since it is readily excreted in feces, increases stool
bulk and decreasing transit time thus decreasing constipation and colon cancer risk.
T/F: Sorbitol (a sugar alcohol), is a poor option for use in products like chewing gum
because it is readily fermented by bacteria in the mouth, decreasing acid production,
and thus reducing cavities.
False. Sorbitol (a sugar alcohol), is a good option for use in products like chewing gum
because it is not readily fermented by bacteria in the mouth, decreasing acid production, and
thus reducing cavities.
T/F: Glucose is the sweetest monosaccharide, while fructose is seldom found free in
nature.
Answers
T/F: Compared to amylopectin, amylose is branched and contains alpha-1-6 bonds at its
branch points.
False. Compared to amylose, amylopectin is branched and contains alpha-1-6 bonds at its
branch points.
T/F: Compared to amylopectin, an oligosaccharide is longer and contains less prevalent
alpha 1-6 bonds.
False. Compared to amylopectin, an oligosaccharide is shorter and contains more prevalent
alpha 1-6 bonds.
T/F: Compared to amylopectin, glycogen is more branched, and is found in animals.
True.
T/F: Trans fatty acids have lower melting points than cis-bond containing fatty acids,
meaning trans fatty acids are more likely to be liquid at room temperature.
False. Trans fatty acids have higher melting points than cis-bond containing fatty acids,
meaning trans fatty acids are more likely to be solid at room temperature.
T/F: In individuals with PKU, since proline cannot be converted to tryptophan because
of the mutation in proline hydroxylase, tryptophan is nonessential in these individuals.
False. In individuals with PKU, since phenylalanine cannot be converted
to tyrosine because of the mutation in phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine is conditionally
essential in these individuals.
,T/F: Individuals with PKU need to consume a high protein diet and avoid consuming
the amino acid advantame, because it can be broken down to the amino acid proline.
False. Individuals with PKU need to consume a low protein diet and avoid consuming
the alternative sweetener aspartame, because it can be broken down to the amino
acid phenylalanine.
T/F: A product that contains inulin (oligofructose) and bifidobacterium could be
considered a synbiotic.
True.
T/F: In the stomach, the hormone glucagon stimulates the release of gastric amylase and
gastric protease, which are the active digestive enzymes that digest proteins and
carbohydrates, respectively.
False. False. In the stomach, the hormone gastrin stimulates the release of
gastric lipase and pepsinogen (activated to pepsin), which are the active digestive enzymes
that digest triglycerides and proteins, respectively.
T/F: Since high-fructose corn syrup contains free fructose, it will result in more fructose
being available for uptake and absorption than sucrose.
False. Since high-fructose corn syrup contains free fructose, it will result in the same
amount of fructose being available for uptake and absorption as sucrose.
T/F: Wheat's limiting amino acids are lysine and threonine and almond's limiting
amino acid is lysine; thus, since they have similar limiting amino acids, they are
complementary proteins.
, False. Rice’s limiting amino acids are lysine and threonine and walnut’s limiting amino acid
is lysine; thus, since they have similar limiting amino acids, they are not complementary
proteins.
T/F: Heartburn is a result of a leaky pyloric sphincter, which allows gastric fluid to
reflux into the trachea.
False. Heartburn is a result of a leaky lower esophageal sphincter, which allows gastric fluid
to reflux into the esophagus.
T/F: Marasmus is a protein-energy malnutrition condition that results from sufficient
calories, but inadequate protein. A notable feature is a rotund belly.
False. Kwashiorkor is a protein-energy malnutrition condition that results from sufficient
calories, but inadequate protein. A notable feature is a rotund belly.
T/F: Fermentable, viscous fiber, since it is readily excreted in feces, increases stool bulk
and transit time thus decreasing constipation and colon cancer risk.
False. Nonfermentable, nonviscous fiber, since it is readily excreted in feces, increases stool
bulk and decreasing transit time thus decreasing constipation and colon cancer risk.
T/F: Sorbitol (a sugar alcohol), is a poor option for use in products like chewing gum
because it is readily fermented by bacteria in the mouth, decreasing acid production,
and thus reducing cavities.
False. Sorbitol (a sugar alcohol), is a good option for use in products like chewing gum
because it is not readily fermented by bacteria in the mouth, decreasing acid production, and
thus reducing cavities.
T/F: Glucose is the sweetest monosaccharide, while fructose is seldom found free in
nature.
