FNDH 400 Study Guide Questions with Correct
Answers
Life Cycle of enterocytes
• Crypts of Lieberkühn- gaps between villi that contain stem cells that can produce
enterocytes
• Enterocytes move up the villi and mature as they move
• Once they reach the top of the villi they are soughed off and excreted (72 hour lifespan)
Uptake v. Absorption
• Uptake- everything that enters the enterocyte
• Absorption- everything that enters circulation after being taken up by the enterocyte
Simple Diffusion
high to low concentration
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Hypertonic- more water outside
Hypotonic- more water inside
facilitated diffusion
Like simple diffusion but it requires a carrier protein to help it cross
Active carrier transport
Like facilitated diffusion but it needs energy and moves against the flow
Endocytosis
, When the membranes engulfs the particle and moves it across manually
Particles- phagocytosis
Water- pinocytosis
Type 1 Diabetes
limited insulin is released and as a result not enough GLUT4 makes it to the surface of
muscle and adipose tissue and therefore no glucose can be absorbed - 5-10% of cases
Type 2 Diabetes
reduced insulin sensitivity; the insulin binds to the receptor but no GLUT4 is brought to the
surface - glucose not taken up into cells
Glycemic Index
scale for determining glycemic response - does not take into account portion size, based on
50g of any food
o Good <55 , Moderate 56-69 , High >70
Glycemic Load
Takes into account the amount of carbs in one serving of a food
o (Glycemic index)x(g Carbs/serving)/100
o Good <10 , Moderate 11-19 , High >20
Carb Uptake
o Glucose and galactose use transporters and active carrier transport move through the
enterocyte
o Fructose uses transporters and facilitated diffusion across the enterocyte
In the end all three use transporters to move into the capillary
Answers
Life Cycle of enterocytes
• Crypts of Lieberkühn- gaps between villi that contain stem cells that can produce
enterocytes
• Enterocytes move up the villi and mature as they move
• Once they reach the top of the villi they are soughed off and excreted (72 hour lifespan)
Uptake v. Absorption
• Uptake- everything that enters the enterocyte
• Absorption- everything that enters circulation after being taken up by the enterocyte
Simple Diffusion
high to low concentration
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Hypertonic- more water outside
Hypotonic- more water inside
facilitated diffusion
Like simple diffusion but it requires a carrier protein to help it cross
Active carrier transport
Like facilitated diffusion but it needs energy and moves against the flow
Endocytosis
, When the membranes engulfs the particle and moves it across manually
Particles- phagocytosis
Water- pinocytosis
Type 1 Diabetes
limited insulin is released and as a result not enough GLUT4 makes it to the surface of
muscle and adipose tissue and therefore no glucose can be absorbed - 5-10% of cases
Type 2 Diabetes
reduced insulin sensitivity; the insulin binds to the receptor but no GLUT4 is brought to the
surface - glucose not taken up into cells
Glycemic Index
scale for determining glycemic response - does not take into account portion size, based on
50g of any food
o Good <55 , Moderate 56-69 , High >70
Glycemic Load
Takes into account the amount of carbs in one serving of a food
o (Glycemic index)x(g Carbs/serving)/100
o Good <10 , Moderate 11-19 , High >20
Carb Uptake
o Glucose and galactose use transporters and active carrier transport move through the
enterocyte
o Fructose uses transporters and facilitated diffusion across the enterocyte
In the end all three use transporters to move into the capillary
