PSYCHOLOGY 2301 EOC EXAMS TEST 2026/2027
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔11. ________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop
out of the study over time. - ✔✔A. attrition
✔✔12. What is a limitation that affects the generalizability of research results? - ✔✔*D.
small sample size
✔✔13. Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex,
and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their
behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________. - ✔✔*A. case studies
✔✔14. Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental
confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes
on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use? - ✔✔*C.
naturalistic observation
✔✔15. ________, an anthropologist, contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee
behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation. - ✔✔*A. Jane Goodall
✔✔16. ________ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers. -
✔✔*B. inter-rater reliability
✔✔17. Green et al. used a ________ from their ________ of interest in order to make a
________. - ✔✔*C. sample; population; generalization
✔✔18. In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for
medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50,
are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design? - ✔✔*D.
Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.
✔✔19. ________ research studies the same groups of participants over time. - ✔✔*D.
longitudinal
✔✔20. A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow
them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict
later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design. -
✔✔*C. longitudinal
✔✔21. ________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research
questions or to look for patterns or relationships. - ✔✔*A. archival
, ✔✔22. Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic
observation study in driving behavior? - ✔✔*D. watching footage obtained from
cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets
✔✔23. Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?
- ✔✔*B. experimental
✔✔24. Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an
experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether
they produce the same results. This is called ________. - ✔✔*C. replication
✔✔25. ________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables. -
✔✔*B. correlation
✔✔26. The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________. - ✔✔*B. between -1
and +1
✔✔27. A negative correlation means ________. - ✔✔*B. one variable decreases as the
other increases
✔✔28. Which of the following represents a weak positive correlation? - ✔✔*C. +0.2
✔✔29. Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation? - ✔✔*A. -0.9
✔✔30. A ________ is a graphical view of the strength and direction of a correlation. -
✔✔*D. scatterplot
✔✔31. On a graph of a correlation coefficient, points falling near to a straight sloped line
indicate ________. - ✔✔*A. a strong correlation
✔✔32. Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung
cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.
- ✔✔*D. there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer
✔✔33. A(n) ________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may
falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship. - ✔✔*A. confounding
variable
✔✔34. Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's
development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does
a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that
the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔11. ________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop
out of the study over time. - ✔✔A. attrition
✔✔12. What is a limitation that affects the generalizability of research results? - ✔✔*D.
small sample size
✔✔13. Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex,
and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their
behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________. - ✔✔*A. case studies
✔✔14. Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental
confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes
on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use? - ✔✔*C.
naturalistic observation
✔✔15. ________, an anthropologist, contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee
behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation. - ✔✔*A. Jane Goodall
✔✔16. ________ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers. -
✔✔*B. inter-rater reliability
✔✔17. Green et al. used a ________ from their ________ of interest in order to make a
________. - ✔✔*C. sample; population; generalization
✔✔18. In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for
medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50,
are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design? - ✔✔*D.
Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.
✔✔19. ________ research studies the same groups of participants over time. - ✔✔*D.
longitudinal
✔✔20. A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow
them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict
later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design. -
✔✔*C. longitudinal
✔✔21. ________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research
questions or to look for patterns or relationships. - ✔✔*A. archival
, ✔✔22. Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic
observation study in driving behavior? - ✔✔*D. watching footage obtained from
cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets
✔✔23. Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?
- ✔✔*B. experimental
✔✔24. Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an
experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether
they produce the same results. This is called ________. - ✔✔*C. replication
✔✔25. ________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables. -
✔✔*B. correlation
✔✔26. The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________. - ✔✔*B. between -1
and +1
✔✔27. A negative correlation means ________. - ✔✔*B. one variable decreases as the
other increases
✔✔28. Which of the following represents a weak positive correlation? - ✔✔*C. +0.2
✔✔29. Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation? - ✔✔*A. -0.9
✔✔30. A ________ is a graphical view of the strength and direction of a correlation. -
✔✔*D. scatterplot
✔✔31. On a graph of a correlation coefficient, points falling near to a straight sloped line
indicate ________. - ✔✔*A. a strong correlation
✔✔32. Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung
cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.
- ✔✔*D. there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer
✔✔33. A(n) ________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may
falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship. - ✔✔*A. confounding
variable
✔✔34. Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's
development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does
a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that
the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy
