BUAD 309 END OF COURSE EXAM 2026/2027
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is the universal approach - ✔✔organizational problems or situations
determine......the one best way of responding
✔✔What is the situation approach - ✔✔organizational problems or situations must be
evaluated in terms of....elements of the situation, which then suggest....contingent or
situation ways of responding
✔✔An example of situation perspective - ✔✔the relationship between employee
satisfaction many not be straightforward. Instead, it may depend on a number of factors,
such as how well trained the employee is. Perhaps, a happy worker only leads to
greater performance if the employee has the the right skills and education to be
successful
✔✔What is the interactionalism perspective? - ✔✔it focuses on how individuals and
situations(environments) interact continuously to determine individuals behavior
-reciprocal causation is common(a causes b and b causes a)
✔✔How do we know what we know about OB? - ✔✔-Common sense(it's not always
right and findings seem like common sense only after research is done)
-experience that comes from our own situations in jobs and organizations
-intuition(gut feeling rather than conscious reasoning)
-Scientific method(careful and systematic testing of assumptions and conclusions)
✔✔What is the scientific method - ✔✔a method that relies on systematic studies that
idetifies and replicates a result using a variet o methods
✔✔What are the 4 steps to scientific method? - ✔✔-theory
-hypothesis
-data
-verification
✔✔What is theory? - ✔✔a collection of verbal and symbolic assertions that specify how
and why variables are related, and the conditions under which they should and should
not relate
✔✔what is hypothesis development? - ✔✔a written prediction specifying expected
relationships between certain variables
ex: a hypothesis developed from the motivational theory of goal setting might predict
that more difficult goals leads to higher performance
-goals are the independent variable and performance is the dependent variable
, ✔✔What is the independent variable? - ✔✔the variable predicted to affect something
else
✔✔what is the dependent variable? - ✔✔predicted to be affect by something else
✔✔What is data? - ✔✔in this phase of the process, our study is conducted, providing us
with the data to test our hypothesis
-there are a variety of research methods/designs that can be used to test hypotheses
✔✔What are the correlations? - ✔✔it ranges from -1 to 1. 1 is a perfect positive
relationship, as one variable increases so does the other. -1 is a perfect negative
relationship, as one variable increases, the other always decreases. 0 means no
relationship between the two
✔✔What is verification? - ✔✔researchers compare results to their hypotheses. When
hypotheses are supported, researchers can continue to develop and test now
hypotheses from their theories.
✔✔What is diversity? - ✔✔the variety of observable and non-observable similarities and
differences among people.
✔✔What are the 2 types of differences in terms of diversity? - ✔✔surface level diversity
and deep level diversity
✔✔What is surface level diversity? - ✔✔refers to observable difference in people,
including race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities, physical characteristics, and gender
✔✔What is deep-level diversity? - ✔✔refers to individual differences that cannot be
seen directly, including goals, values, beliefs, personalities, decision-making styles,
knowledge, skills, abilities, and attutidudes
✔✔What are the 3 types of deep level diversity? - ✔✔-variety
-separation
-disparity
✔✔What is separation diversity? - ✔✔refers to differences in positions or opinion
reflecting disagreement. Members often have different values and opinions and vary in
their approach to group processes or the types of goals that should be pursued
✔✔What is variety diversity? - ✔✔refers to the differences along a certain category
ex: ability or background differences would fall under variety diversity
✔✔What is disparity diversity? - ✔✔refers to differences in concentration of valuable
assets
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is the universal approach - ✔✔organizational problems or situations
determine......the one best way of responding
✔✔What is the situation approach - ✔✔organizational problems or situations must be
evaluated in terms of....elements of the situation, which then suggest....contingent or
situation ways of responding
✔✔An example of situation perspective - ✔✔the relationship between employee
satisfaction many not be straightforward. Instead, it may depend on a number of factors,
such as how well trained the employee is. Perhaps, a happy worker only leads to
greater performance if the employee has the the right skills and education to be
successful
✔✔What is the interactionalism perspective? - ✔✔it focuses on how individuals and
situations(environments) interact continuously to determine individuals behavior
-reciprocal causation is common(a causes b and b causes a)
✔✔How do we know what we know about OB? - ✔✔-Common sense(it's not always
right and findings seem like common sense only after research is done)
-experience that comes from our own situations in jobs and organizations
-intuition(gut feeling rather than conscious reasoning)
-Scientific method(careful and systematic testing of assumptions and conclusions)
✔✔What is the scientific method - ✔✔a method that relies on systematic studies that
idetifies and replicates a result using a variet o methods
✔✔What are the 4 steps to scientific method? - ✔✔-theory
-hypothesis
-data
-verification
✔✔What is theory? - ✔✔a collection of verbal and symbolic assertions that specify how
and why variables are related, and the conditions under which they should and should
not relate
✔✔what is hypothesis development? - ✔✔a written prediction specifying expected
relationships between certain variables
ex: a hypothesis developed from the motivational theory of goal setting might predict
that more difficult goals leads to higher performance
-goals are the independent variable and performance is the dependent variable
, ✔✔What is the independent variable? - ✔✔the variable predicted to affect something
else
✔✔what is the dependent variable? - ✔✔predicted to be affect by something else
✔✔What is data? - ✔✔in this phase of the process, our study is conducted, providing us
with the data to test our hypothesis
-there are a variety of research methods/designs that can be used to test hypotheses
✔✔What are the correlations? - ✔✔it ranges from -1 to 1. 1 is a perfect positive
relationship, as one variable increases so does the other. -1 is a perfect negative
relationship, as one variable increases, the other always decreases. 0 means no
relationship between the two
✔✔What is verification? - ✔✔researchers compare results to their hypotheses. When
hypotheses are supported, researchers can continue to develop and test now
hypotheses from their theories.
✔✔What is diversity? - ✔✔the variety of observable and non-observable similarities and
differences among people.
✔✔What are the 2 types of differences in terms of diversity? - ✔✔surface level diversity
and deep level diversity
✔✔What is surface level diversity? - ✔✔refers to observable difference in people,
including race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities, physical characteristics, and gender
✔✔What is deep-level diversity? - ✔✔refers to individual differences that cannot be
seen directly, including goals, values, beliefs, personalities, decision-making styles,
knowledge, skills, abilities, and attutidudes
✔✔What are the 3 types of deep level diversity? - ✔✔-variety
-separation
-disparity
✔✔What is separation diversity? - ✔✔refers to differences in positions or opinion
reflecting disagreement. Members often have different values and opinions and vary in
their approach to group processes or the types of goals that should be pursued
✔✔What is variety diversity? - ✔✔refers to the differences along a certain category
ex: ability or background differences would fall under variety diversity
✔✔What is disparity diversity? - ✔✔refers to differences in concentration of valuable
assets
