BIO 2500 FUNDAMENTALS OF NUTRITION | GALEN
COLLEGE OF NURSING (PDF) | 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS + RATIONALES | STUDY GUIDE | 100% CORRECT
1. According to the Galen College catalog and syllabus, what is the primary focus of BIO
2500?
A) An advanced study of molecular biology and genetics.
B) An introductory study of the fundamental concepts of nutrition, food sources, nutrient
function, digestion, absorption, and metabolism.
C) A clinical course focusing on the nutritional management of specific diseases.
D) A laboratory-based course examining the chemical structure of food.
Correct Answer: B) An introductory study of the fundamental concepts of nutrition, food
sources, nutrient function, digestion, absorption, and metabolism.
Rationale: The course catalog description states that BIO 2500 provides an introductory-level
study of fundamental nutrition concepts, including food sources, nutrient function, digestion,
absorption, and metabolism. Emphasis is placed on applying nutritional principles to make
healthy food choices .
2. What are the prerequisites for BIO 2500 at Galen College of Nursing?
A) BIO 1100 and BIO 1150 only.
B) BIO 1100, BIO 1150, BIO 1300, and BIO 1350.
C) BIO 1300 and BIO 1350 only.
D) BIO 2100 and BIO 2500.
Correct Answer: B) BIO 1100, BIO 1150, BIO 1300, and BIO 1350.
Rationale: The course syllabus and catalog specify that the prerequisites for BIO 2500 are BIO
1100 (Human Anatomy & Physiology I – Theory), BIO 1150 (Human Anatomy & Physiology I
– Lab), BIO 1300 (Human Anatomy & Physiology II – Theory), and BIO 1350 (Human
Anatomy & Physiology II – Lab) .
3. How many quarter credit hours is the BIO 2500 theory course?
A) 1 quarter credit hour.
B) 2 quarter credit hours.
C) 3 quarter credit hours.
D) 4 quarter credit hours.
Correct Answer: D) 4 quarter credit hours.
Rationale: The course syllabus indicates that BIO 2500 is a 4/0/0 quarter credit hour course,
meaning it is 4 theory credits with no lab or clinical hours .
4. What is an essential nutrient?
A) A substance found in plant foods that may have health-promoting properties.
B) A nutrient that must be consumed in the diet because it cannot be made by the body in
, sufficient quantities.
C) A unit of measure used to express the amount of energy provided by food.
D) A food that has health-promoting properties beyond basic nutritional functions.
Correct Answer: B) A nutrient that must be consumed in the diet because it cannot be made by
the body in sufficient quantities.
Rationale: An essential nutrient is a substance that must be obtained through the diet because the
body cannot synthesize it in sufficient quantities to maintain normal body functions .
5. Which of the following is a macronutrient?
A) Vitamins
B) Minerals
C) Lipids
D) Water
Correct Answer: C) Lipids
Rationale: The six classes of nutrients include both macronutrients and micronutrients.
Macronutrients are those needed in larger amounts and include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
and water. Vitamins and minerals are classified as micronutrients .
6. What is the term for a measure of the nutrients provided by a food relative to its calorie
content?
A) Nutrient density.
B) Fortification.
C) Functional food.
D) Calorie density.
Correct Answer: A) Nutrient density.
Rationale: The concept of nutrient density is defined as a measure of the nutrients provided by a
food relative to its calorie content. Foods with greater nutrient density provide more nutrients per
calorie, while foods with lower nutrient density can lead to the consumption of empty calories .
7. A food that has health-promoting properties beyond basic nutritional functions is known
as a:
A) Phytochemical.
B) Functional food.
C) Fortified food.
D) Dietary supplement.
Correct Answer: B) Functional food.
Rationale: A functional food is defined as a food that has health-promoting properties beyond its
basic nutritional functions .
8. The physical, economic, and social factors that affect eating habits and patterns are
collectively referred to as the:
, A) Food environment.
B) Food culture.
C) Dietary pattern.
D) Nutritional environment.
Correct Answer: A) Food environment.
Rationale: The food environment is described as the physical, economic, and social factors that
affect eating habits and patterns .
9. Which of the following is an example of food fortification?
A) Adding vitamin D to milk.
B) Eating an orange for its vitamin C content.
C) Choosing whole grains over refined grains.
D) Taking a daily multivitamin supplement.
Correct Answer: A) Adding vitamin D to milk.
Rationale: Fortification is the addition of nutrients to foods. Milk with added vitamin D, and
grains with added B vitamins, are classic examples of fortified foods .
10. Which of the following is a phytochemical?
A) Vitamin C.
B) Calcium.
C) Capsaicin.
D) Iron.
Correct Answer: C) Capsaicin.
Rationale: Phytochemicals are substances found in plant foods that are not essential nutrients but
may have health-promoting properties. Capsaicin is an example of a phytochemical.
Phytochemicals are found in plant products .
11. According to the course syllabus, which of the following is a required text for BIO 2500?
A) "Fundamentals of Nursing" by Potter and Perry.
B) "Visualizing Nutrition: Everyday Choices" by Grosvenor, Smolin, and Christoph.
C) "Nutrition for Nursing" by Susan G. Dudek.
D) "Krause's Food & the Nutrition Care Process".
Correct Answer: B) "Visualizing Nutrition: Everyday Choices" by Grosvenor, Smolin, and
Christoph.
Rationale: The syllabus lists the required textbook for BIO 2500 as "Visualizing Nutrition:
Everyday Choices" by Grosvenor, Smolin, and Christoph (5th edition) .
12. Which body system is primarily responsible for the breakdown of food into smaller
components for absorption?
A) Cardiovascular system.
B) Digestive system.
COLLEGE OF NURSING (PDF) | 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS + RATIONALES | STUDY GUIDE | 100% CORRECT
1. According to the Galen College catalog and syllabus, what is the primary focus of BIO
2500?
A) An advanced study of molecular biology and genetics.
B) An introductory study of the fundamental concepts of nutrition, food sources, nutrient
function, digestion, absorption, and metabolism.
C) A clinical course focusing on the nutritional management of specific diseases.
D) A laboratory-based course examining the chemical structure of food.
Correct Answer: B) An introductory study of the fundamental concepts of nutrition, food
sources, nutrient function, digestion, absorption, and metabolism.
Rationale: The course catalog description states that BIO 2500 provides an introductory-level
study of fundamental nutrition concepts, including food sources, nutrient function, digestion,
absorption, and metabolism. Emphasis is placed on applying nutritional principles to make
healthy food choices .
2. What are the prerequisites for BIO 2500 at Galen College of Nursing?
A) BIO 1100 and BIO 1150 only.
B) BIO 1100, BIO 1150, BIO 1300, and BIO 1350.
C) BIO 1300 and BIO 1350 only.
D) BIO 2100 and BIO 2500.
Correct Answer: B) BIO 1100, BIO 1150, BIO 1300, and BIO 1350.
Rationale: The course syllabus and catalog specify that the prerequisites for BIO 2500 are BIO
1100 (Human Anatomy & Physiology I – Theory), BIO 1150 (Human Anatomy & Physiology I
– Lab), BIO 1300 (Human Anatomy & Physiology II – Theory), and BIO 1350 (Human
Anatomy & Physiology II – Lab) .
3. How many quarter credit hours is the BIO 2500 theory course?
A) 1 quarter credit hour.
B) 2 quarter credit hours.
C) 3 quarter credit hours.
D) 4 quarter credit hours.
Correct Answer: D) 4 quarter credit hours.
Rationale: The course syllabus indicates that BIO 2500 is a 4/0/0 quarter credit hour course,
meaning it is 4 theory credits with no lab or clinical hours .
4. What is an essential nutrient?
A) A substance found in plant foods that may have health-promoting properties.
B) A nutrient that must be consumed in the diet because it cannot be made by the body in
, sufficient quantities.
C) A unit of measure used to express the amount of energy provided by food.
D) A food that has health-promoting properties beyond basic nutritional functions.
Correct Answer: B) A nutrient that must be consumed in the diet because it cannot be made by
the body in sufficient quantities.
Rationale: An essential nutrient is a substance that must be obtained through the diet because the
body cannot synthesize it in sufficient quantities to maintain normal body functions .
5. Which of the following is a macronutrient?
A) Vitamins
B) Minerals
C) Lipids
D) Water
Correct Answer: C) Lipids
Rationale: The six classes of nutrients include both macronutrients and micronutrients.
Macronutrients are those needed in larger amounts and include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
and water. Vitamins and minerals are classified as micronutrients .
6. What is the term for a measure of the nutrients provided by a food relative to its calorie
content?
A) Nutrient density.
B) Fortification.
C) Functional food.
D) Calorie density.
Correct Answer: A) Nutrient density.
Rationale: The concept of nutrient density is defined as a measure of the nutrients provided by a
food relative to its calorie content. Foods with greater nutrient density provide more nutrients per
calorie, while foods with lower nutrient density can lead to the consumption of empty calories .
7. A food that has health-promoting properties beyond basic nutritional functions is known
as a:
A) Phytochemical.
B) Functional food.
C) Fortified food.
D) Dietary supplement.
Correct Answer: B) Functional food.
Rationale: A functional food is defined as a food that has health-promoting properties beyond its
basic nutritional functions .
8. The physical, economic, and social factors that affect eating habits and patterns are
collectively referred to as the:
, A) Food environment.
B) Food culture.
C) Dietary pattern.
D) Nutritional environment.
Correct Answer: A) Food environment.
Rationale: The food environment is described as the physical, economic, and social factors that
affect eating habits and patterns .
9. Which of the following is an example of food fortification?
A) Adding vitamin D to milk.
B) Eating an orange for its vitamin C content.
C) Choosing whole grains over refined grains.
D) Taking a daily multivitamin supplement.
Correct Answer: A) Adding vitamin D to milk.
Rationale: Fortification is the addition of nutrients to foods. Milk with added vitamin D, and
grains with added B vitamins, are classic examples of fortified foods .
10. Which of the following is a phytochemical?
A) Vitamin C.
B) Calcium.
C) Capsaicin.
D) Iron.
Correct Answer: C) Capsaicin.
Rationale: Phytochemicals are substances found in plant foods that are not essential nutrients but
may have health-promoting properties. Capsaicin is an example of a phytochemical.
Phytochemicals are found in plant products .
11. According to the course syllabus, which of the following is a required text for BIO 2500?
A) "Fundamentals of Nursing" by Potter and Perry.
B) "Visualizing Nutrition: Everyday Choices" by Grosvenor, Smolin, and Christoph.
C) "Nutrition for Nursing" by Susan G. Dudek.
D) "Krause's Food & the Nutrition Care Process".
Correct Answer: B) "Visualizing Nutrition: Everyday Choices" by Grosvenor, Smolin, and
Christoph.
Rationale: The syllabus lists the required textbook for BIO 2500 as "Visualizing Nutrition:
Everyday Choices" by Grosvenor, Smolin, and Christoph (5th edition) .
12. Which body system is primarily responsible for the breakdown of food into smaller
components for absorption?
A) Cardiovascular system.
B) Digestive system.
