EDUC 181 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is object permanence? - ✔✔Object permanence refers to the ability to
understand that although an object may have left the field of vision, it still exists
✔✔gross motor skills - ✔✔sitting, standing, walking, running, jumping
✔✔fine motor skills - ✔✔grasping, waving, using utensils, buildings with blocks, writing
✔✔structural factors - ✔✔education of caregivers, books/toys available, teacher-student
ratio, nutrition of food etc.
✔✔Process factors - ✔✔quality of interactions between caregivers and students, should
be warm + attentive
✔✔Indicators of physical health in a newborn - ✔✔Height and weight
✔✔Which is more important b/w height and weight - ✔✔Weight is more important
✔✔Low birthweight newborn - ✔✔Less than 5.5 lbs
✔✔Preterm newborn? - ✔✔Born more than 3 weeks early
✔✔Small for gestational age newborn - ✔✔Less than average for age
✔✔Impact of low birth weight? - ✔✔It can cause cognition and attention problems, as
well as health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, high BP, obesity etc. later in
life
✔✔How much sleep does a newborn need? - ✔✔16 hours per day
✔✔Purpose of neuron - ✔✔Transmit chemical and electrical signals to facilitate
communication b/w brain and body
✔✔Dendrites - ✔✔receive messages from other neurons
✔✔Axon - ✔✔carries electrical impulse from the cell body to the neuron
✔✔Synapse - ✔✔connection between the end of a neuron and another neuron or
muscle between which information is passed
✔✔Myelin Sheath - ✔✔white, fatty material composed of lipids which surrounds the
axons of nerves and facilitates swift communication
, ✔✔Nodes of Ranvier - ✔✔gaps in sheath where signal is recharged and keeps moving
✔✔Is physical growth typically faster during early childhood or middle childhood? -
✔✔Early childhood
✔✔Executive functions - ✔✔Cognitive processes which are necessary for the cognitive
control of behavior: plan, focus, remember, multitask, etc
✔✔Two most common learning disabilities - ✔✔Dyslexia and Dyscalculia
✔✔ADHD and its characteristics - ✔✔Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,
inattentive, hyper, easily distracted
✔✔How is BMI used to determine when a child is considered obese or overweight? -
✔✔Compares height and weight for age range with healthy average
✔✔Does the government regulate what children eat in schools? - ✔✔Somewhat; see
below
✔✔NSLP - ✔✔National School Lunch Program; sets regulations for school lunches
nationwide, which are enforced at a state level
✔✔Nutritional requirements for schools participating in the NSLP? - ✔✔No more than
30% of meal calories can come from fat
Less than 10% of meal calories can come from saturated fat
Meal must provide at least 1/3 of the recommended daily dietary allowances: vitamins A
+ C, Iron, Calcium, Calories
✔✔ What are the 3 areas of development? - ✔✔Physical, intellectual, emotional
✔✔Do these areas relate to one another? - ✔✔Yes; a person born with addiction
(physical) will have restricted brain development + function (intellectual) which may
cause them to feel scared, powerless, or lack of attachment (emotional)
✔✔What are developmental milestones? - ✔✔Specific behaviors and skills that can be
expected at certain point in development. Although individuals develop differently,
missing milestones can indicate a problem in development
✔✔Why is it important that parents pay attention to important motor milestones
achieved by their child? - ✔✔To ensure the child's development is progressing in a
healthy manner; missed motor milestones could indicate a developmental issue
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is object permanence? - ✔✔Object permanence refers to the ability to
understand that although an object may have left the field of vision, it still exists
✔✔gross motor skills - ✔✔sitting, standing, walking, running, jumping
✔✔fine motor skills - ✔✔grasping, waving, using utensils, buildings with blocks, writing
✔✔structural factors - ✔✔education of caregivers, books/toys available, teacher-student
ratio, nutrition of food etc.
✔✔Process factors - ✔✔quality of interactions between caregivers and students, should
be warm + attentive
✔✔Indicators of physical health in a newborn - ✔✔Height and weight
✔✔Which is more important b/w height and weight - ✔✔Weight is more important
✔✔Low birthweight newborn - ✔✔Less than 5.5 lbs
✔✔Preterm newborn? - ✔✔Born more than 3 weeks early
✔✔Small for gestational age newborn - ✔✔Less than average for age
✔✔Impact of low birth weight? - ✔✔It can cause cognition and attention problems, as
well as health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, high BP, obesity etc. later in
life
✔✔How much sleep does a newborn need? - ✔✔16 hours per day
✔✔Purpose of neuron - ✔✔Transmit chemical and electrical signals to facilitate
communication b/w brain and body
✔✔Dendrites - ✔✔receive messages from other neurons
✔✔Axon - ✔✔carries electrical impulse from the cell body to the neuron
✔✔Synapse - ✔✔connection between the end of a neuron and another neuron or
muscle between which information is passed
✔✔Myelin Sheath - ✔✔white, fatty material composed of lipids which surrounds the
axons of nerves and facilitates swift communication
, ✔✔Nodes of Ranvier - ✔✔gaps in sheath where signal is recharged and keeps moving
✔✔Is physical growth typically faster during early childhood or middle childhood? -
✔✔Early childhood
✔✔Executive functions - ✔✔Cognitive processes which are necessary for the cognitive
control of behavior: plan, focus, remember, multitask, etc
✔✔Two most common learning disabilities - ✔✔Dyslexia and Dyscalculia
✔✔ADHD and its characteristics - ✔✔Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,
inattentive, hyper, easily distracted
✔✔How is BMI used to determine when a child is considered obese or overweight? -
✔✔Compares height and weight for age range with healthy average
✔✔Does the government regulate what children eat in schools? - ✔✔Somewhat; see
below
✔✔NSLP - ✔✔National School Lunch Program; sets regulations for school lunches
nationwide, which are enforced at a state level
✔✔Nutritional requirements for schools participating in the NSLP? - ✔✔No more than
30% of meal calories can come from fat
Less than 10% of meal calories can come from saturated fat
Meal must provide at least 1/3 of the recommended daily dietary allowances: vitamins A
+ C, Iron, Calcium, Calories
✔✔ What are the 3 areas of development? - ✔✔Physical, intellectual, emotional
✔✔Do these areas relate to one another? - ✔✔Yes; a person born with addiction
(physical) will have restricted brain development + function (intellectual) which may
cause them to feel scared, powerless, or lack of attachment (emotional)
✔✔What are developmental milestones? - ✔✔Specific behaviors and skills that can be
expected at certain point in development. Although individuals develop differently,
missing milestones can indicate a problem in development
✔✔Why is it important that parents pay attention to important motor milestones
achieved by their child? - ✔✔To ensure the child's development is progressing in a
healthy manner; missed motor milestones could indicate a developmental issue
