UNE Pathophysiology Final Exam [2026/2027]
| UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Question and Answer |
A+ Verified
• Cardiac output is equal to heart rate time ________________ -✓✓ stroke volume
• The normal pacemaker of the heart is the ____________________ -✓✓ SA node
• The __________________ nerves increase heart rate and contractibility. -✓✓
sympathetic
• At resting potential, a cardiac myocyte is __________ on the inside compared
with the outside of the cell. -✓✓ Negative
• Cross-bridge formation that results in muscle contraction requires intracellular
_________________ -✓✓ Calcium ions
• Thin filaments in cardiac myocytes actin and _____________ -✓✓ troponin
• The ___________ arteries supply blood to the cardiac myoctes. -✓✓ coronary
• Associated with differences in circulating estrogens and androgenic hormones -
✓✓ Gender
• Predisposes to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes -✓✓ Obesity
,• Results from genetic changes and high dietary intake of saturated fats -✓✓
Hyperlipidemia
• Contributes to hypertension, urge to smoke and eat, and dysfunctional
carbohydrate metabolism -✓✓ sedentary lifestyle
• Stimulates catecholamine release, increasing blood pressure, cardiac work, and
oxygen demand -✓✓ smoking
• marker of inflammation and increased risk for coronary artery disease -✓✓
Increase C-reactive protein
• Causes trauma to arterial walls and increased myocardial workload -✓✓
hypertension
• Increases body weight and triglyceride levels and has direct toxic effects on
myocardium -✓✓ heavy alcohol consumption
• Associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and arterial damage from
insulin resistance -✓✓ Diabetes
• A patient has an embolus lodge in the coronary artery. Which condition should
the nurse monitor for in this patient?
A. mitral stenosis
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Aortic Aneurysm
,D. Mycardial infarction -✓✓ D. myocardial infarction
• A nurse is how prolonged standing can lead to varicose veins. How should the
nurse respond?
A. prolonged standing causes a clot
B. prolonged standing increases a valves competence
C. prolonged standing leads to stunning, hibernation, and remodeling
D. Prolonged standing diminished the action of the muscle pump to return blood to
the heart -✓✓ D. prolonged standing diminished the action of the muscle pump to
return blood to the heart
• In the cardiac cycle, the ventricles contract during:
A. the refractory period
B. disease
C. repolarization
D. systole -✓✓ D. systole
• The effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart is to:
A. increase the refractory period
B. increase the heart rate
C. decrease calcium influx
D. decrease the strength of myocardial contraction -✓✓ B increase the heart rate
, • The heart chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary circulation is the:
A. right Atrium
B. right ventricle
C. left atrium
D. left ventricle -✓✓ D. left atrium
• Arterial baroreceptors are located in the
A. renal artery
B. superior vena cava
C. aortic arch
D. circle of Willis -✓✓ C. aortic arch
• According to starlings law of the heart, a small increase in left ventricular end-
diastolic volumes in the healthy heart will result in:
A. a decrease in force of contraction
B. an increase in myocardial oxygenation
C. an increase in heart rate
D. an increase in cardiac output -✓✓ D. increase in cardiac output
• Multiplying heart rate by stroke volume determines:
A. vascular resistance
| UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Question and Answer |
A+ Verified
• Cardiac output is equal to heart rate time ________________ -✓✓ stroke volume
• The normal pacemaker of the heart is the ____________________ -✓✓ SA node
• The __________________ nerves increase heart rate and contractibility. -✓✓
sympathetic
• At resting potential, a cardiac myocyte is __________ on the inside compared
with the outside of the cell. -✓✓ Negative
• Cross-bridge formation that results in muscle contraction requires intracellular
_________________ -✓✓ Calcium ions
• Thin filaments in cardiac myocytes actin and _____________ -✓✓ troponin
• The ___________ arteries supply blood to the cardiac myoctes. -✓✓ coronary
• Associated with differences in circulating estrogens and androgenic hormones -
✓✓ Gender
• Predisposes to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes -✓✓ Obesity
,• Results from genetic changes and high dietary intake of saturated fats -✓✓
Hyperlipidemia
• Contributes to hypertension, urge to smoke and eat, and dysfunctional
carbohydrate metabolism -✓✓ sedentary lifestyle
• Stimulates catecholamine release, increasing blood pressure, cardiac work, and
oxygen demand -✓✓ smoking
• marker of inflammation and increased risk for coronary artery disease -✓✓
Increase C-reactive protein
• Causes trauma to arterial walls and increased myocardial workload -✓✓
hypertension
• Increases body weight and triglyceride levels and has direct toxic effects on
myocardium -✓✓ heavy alcohol consumption
• Associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and arterial damage from
insulin resistance -✓✓ Diabetes
• A patient has an embolus lodge in the coronary artery. Which condition should
the nurse monitor for in this patient?
A. mitral stenosis
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Aortic Aneurysm
,D. Mycardial infarction -✓✓ D. myocardial infarction
• A nurse is how prolonged standing can lead to varicose veins. How should the
nurse respond?
A. prolonged standing causes a clot
B. prolonged standing increases a valves competence
C. prolonged standing leads to stunning, hibernation, and remodeling
D. Prolonged standing diminished the action of the muscle pump to return blood to
the heart -✓✓ D. prolonged standing diminished the action of the muscle pump to
return blood to the heart
• In the cardiac cycle, the ventricles contract during:
A. the refractory period
B. disease
C. repolarization
D. systole -✓✓ D. systole
• The effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart is to:
A. increase the refractory period
B. increase the heart rate
C. decrease calcium influx
D. decrease the strength of myocardial contraction -✓✓ B increase the heart rate
, • The heart chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary circulation is the:
A. right Atrium
B. right ventricle
C. left atrium
D. left ventricle -✓✓ D. left atrium
• Arterial baroreceptors are located in the
A. renal artery
B. superior vena cava
C. aortic arch
D. circle of Willis -✓✓ C. aortic arch
• According to starlings law of the heart, a small increase in left ventricular end-
diastolic volumes in the healthy heart will result in:
A. a decrease in force of contraction
B. an increase in myocardial oxygenation
C. an increase in heart rate
D. an increase in cardiac output -✓✓ D. increase in cardiac output
• Multiplying heart rate by stroke volume determines:
A. vascular resistance
