2
Pharmacology test 1-Unitek College questions with verified || || || || || || ||
detailed answers ||
Factors that affect drug therapy - ✔✔Age, Gender, body weight, metabolism
|| || || || || || || || || ||
placebo effect - ✔✔A drug dosage form, (ex: tablet or capsule) that has no pharmacologic
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
activity because the dosage form has NO active ingredients.
|| || || || || || || ||
Metabolic Rate (MR) - ✔✔Patients with a HIGHER metabolic rate (ex: patients with
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Hyperthyroidism) metabolize drugs more rapidly, requiring larger doses or more frequent || || || || || || || || || || ||
administration. ||
Patients with a LOWER metabolic rate (ex: Hypothyroidism) chronic smoking patients
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
enhances the metabolism of drugs, thereby also requiring larger doses to be administered
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
more frequently for a therapeutic effect.
|| || || || ||
illness - ✔✔Patients who suffer with a pathologic condition may affect the rate of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug. || || || || || || ||
Psychology - ✔✔A patients attitude and their expectations play a major role in their
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
response to therapy and in his or her own willingness to take the medication as prescribed.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Tolerance - ✔✔Occurs when a patient requires a higher dosage of medication to produce
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the same effects that a lower dose once provided. (Ex: a person addicted to heroin, after a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
few weeks of use, they tend to want more or increase their drug use to provide the same
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
"High".) they build a higher tolerance to other drugs than an average person would need.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
drug dependance (addiction) - ✔✔Drug taking becomes compulsive, taking precedence
|| || || || || || || || || ||
over other needs
|| ||
, 2
- Loss of control of his or her desire
|| || || || || || || || ||
The dependence becomes physiologic, where the patient develops withdrawals when they
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
don't have the drug available over a period of time.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Or they can become psychologically dependent where the patient becomes emotionally
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
attached to a drug. || || ||
cumulative effect - ✔✔Whereby a drug can accumulate in the body if another dose is given
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
before the first dose has had time to metabolize or excrete.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
drug accumulation - ✔✔Results in drug toxicity, when the rate of consumption can exceed
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the rate of time needed for a drug to metabolize and excrete (ex: a person who is drinking
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
too much alcohol and becomes "drunk" or "inebriated".
|| || || || || || ||
Carcinogenicity - ✔✔Is the ability of a drug to induce living cells to mutate and become || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cancerous.
Absorption can influence drug actions - ✔✔Absorption- Refers to the process by which|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
drugs are absorbed by the body. || || || || ||
1) orally =by mouth - most common way
|| || || || || || || ||
2) GI tract= enterally
|| || ||
3) IM= in the muscle
|| || || ||
4) IV = in the vein
|| || || || ||
5) percutaneous = through the skin or mucous membranes (Topical gel)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Age can influence drug actions - ✔✔Pediatric and geriatric patients require special
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
consideration when medication is administered. || || || || ||
Differences in muscle mass, blood flow and inactivity in patients who are bedridden make
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
absorption unpredictable. || ||
Pharmacology test 1-Unitek College questions with verified || || || || || || ||
detailed answers ||
Factors that affect drug therapy - ✔✔Age, Gender, body weight, metabolism
|| || || || || || || || || ||
placebo effect - ✔✔A drug dosage form, (ex: tablet or capsule) that has no pharmacologic
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
activity because the dosage form has NO active ingredients.
|| || || || || || || ||
Metabolic Rate (MR) - ✔✔Patients with a HIGHER metabolic rate (ex: patients with
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Hyperthyroidism) metabolize drugs more rapidly, requiring larger doses or more frequent || || || || || || || || || || ||
administration. ||
Patients with a LOWER metabolic rate (ex: Hypothyroidism) chronic smoking patients
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
enhances the metabolism of drugs, thereby also requiring larger doses to be administered
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
more frequently for a therapeutic effect.
|| || || || ||
illness - ✔✔Patients who suffer with a pathologic condition may affect the rate of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug. || || || || || || ||
Psychology - ✔✔A patients attitude and their expectations play a major role in their
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
response to therapy and in his or her own willingness to take the medication as prescribed.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Tolerance - ✔✔Occurs when a patient requires a higher dosage of medication to produce
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the same effects that a lower dose once provided. (Ex: a person addicted to heroin, after a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
few weeks of use, they tend to want more or increase their drug use to provide the same
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
"High".) they build a higher tolerance to other drugs than an average person would need.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
drug dependance (addiction) - ✔✔Drug taking becomes compulsive, taking precedence
|| || || || || || || || || ||
over other needs
|| ||
, 2
- Loss of control of his or her desire
|| || || || || || || || ||
The dependence becomes physiologic, where the patient develops withdrawals when they
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
don't have the drug available over a period of time.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Or they can become psychologically dependent where the patient becomes emotionally
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
attached to a drug. || || ||
cumulative effect - ✔✔Whereby a drug can accumulate in the body if another dose is given
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
before the first dose has had time to metabolize or excrete.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
drug accumulation - ✔✔Results in drug toxicity, when the rate of consumption can exceed
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the rate of time needed for a drug to metabolize and excrete (ex: a person who is drinking
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
too much alcohol and becomes "drunk" or "inebriated".
|| || || || || || ||
Carcinogenicity - ✔✔Is the ability of a drug to induce living cells to mutate and become || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cancerous.
Absorption can influence drug actions - ✔✔Absorption- Refers to the process by which|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
drugs are absorbed by the body. || || || || ||
1) orally =by mouth - most common way
|| || || || || || || ||
2) GI tract= enterally
|| || ||
3) IM= in the muscle
|| || || ||
4) IV = in the vein
|| || || || ||
5) percutaneous = through the skin or mucous membranes (Topical gel)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Age can influence drug actions - ✔✔Pediatric and geriatric patients require special
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
consideration when medication is administered. || || || || ||
Differences in muscle mass, blood flow and inactivity in patients who are bedridden make
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
absorption unpredictable. || ||
