GMS 6440 EXAM SCRIPT 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Ionotropic receptors signal via G proteins. - ✔✔False
✔✔Receptor Guanylyl Cyclases are one type of Catalytic Receptor. - ✔✔True
✔✔Receptors for Thyroid Hormone and steroids are always on the surface (plasma
membrane) of target cells. - ✔✔false
✔✔Dimerization is important for some catalytic receptors, but never for steroid hormone
receptors. - ✔✔False
✔✔The nervous system is usually divided into 3 anatomical components. - ✔✔False
✔✔Glia are only present in the central nervous system. - ✔✔False
✔✔The Nucleus of the Solitary Tract is in the medulla oblongata. - ✔✔True
✔✔The hypothalamus regulates both autonomic and endocrine function. - ✔✔True
✔✔Afferent nerves transmit information from the central nervous system to the
peripheral nervous system. - ✔✔False
✔✔The autonomic nervous system has 3 divisions. - ✔✔True
✔✔Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system constricts the airways. - ✔✔True
✔✔The cell bodies of postganglionic neurons are in the central nervous system. -
✔✔False
✔✔Acetylcholine acts on alpha and beta receptors. - ✔✔False
✔✔The adrenal medulla releases norepinephrine and epinephrine directly into the blood
stream. - ✔✔True
✔✔Negative feedback in the autonomic nervous system requires an afferent signal. -
✔✔True
✔✔The parasympathetic nervous system innervates the external sphincter of the
bladder. - ✔✔False
, ✔✔Referred pain is caused by convergence of somatic and autonomic information
within the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract. - ✔✔False
✔✔Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system inhibits urination primarily by inhibiting
the detrusor muscle. - ✔✔False
✔✔The hypothalamus can directly control preganglionic sympathetic neurons. - ✔✔True
✔✔To generate conventional transgenic mice, DNA will be injected into: - ✔✔fertilized
mouse eggs
✔✔To determine success of homologous recombination of targeting vector in ES cells,
Northern blotting will be utilized. - ✔✔No, southern blotting
✔✔Using Cre recombinase and FRT-allele(s), we can control DNA recombination and
delete specific genomic area flanked by FRT seuquence. - ✔✔no, flanked by loxP
sequence
✔✔Tamoxifen, an estrogen antagonist (homologue), will bind to the mutated estrogen
receptor fused to the Cre-recombinase, and translocate Cre-recombinase into nucleus. -
✔✔True
✔✔Cre-loxP system also can be used to eliminate floxed-stop codon and induce
expression of a transgene. - ✔✔True
✔✔We cannot control copy number of inserted DNA as well as insertion site (position)
using the conventional transgenic approach. Insertion of DNA construct into ROSA26
locus can be a solution to overcome these insertional effects. - ✔✔True
✔✔Tetracycline-responsive system can be used to either turn-off or turn-on the
expression of transgene by administration of doxycycline. - ✔✔True
✔✔The advantage of CRISPR-Cas9 compared to Zn finger nuclease technology or
TALENs includes that target sequence will be recognized by leucine zippers. -
✔✔False, guide RNA
✔✔ Cardiac muscle contraction is considered to be voluntary movement. - ✔✔False, it
moves involuntarily
✔✔In the gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle is enriched. - ✔✔True
✔✔In our body, approximately 8 liters of intestinal juices are secreted into the GI tract
daily, but only 100 ml of water is secreted into the feces. - ✔✔True
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Ionotropic receptors signal via G proteins. - ✔✔False
✔✔Receptor Guanylyl Cyclases are one type of Catalytic Receptor. - ✔✔True
✔✔Receptors for Thyroid Hormone and steroids are always on the surface (plasma
membrane) of target cells. - ✔✔false
✔✔Dimerization is important for some catalytic receptors, but never for steroid hormone
receptors. - ✔✔False
✔✔The nervous system is usually divided into 3 anatomical components. - ✔✔False
✔✔Glia are only present in the central nervous system. - ✔✔False
✔✔The Nucleus of the Solitary Tract is in the medulla oblongata. - ✔✔True
✔✔The hypothalamus regulates both autonomic and endocrine function. - ✔✔True
✔✔Afferent nerves transmit information from the central nervous system to the
peripheral nervous system. - ✔✔False
✔✔The autonomic nervous system has 3 divisions. - ✔✔True
✔✔Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system constricts the airways. - ✔✔True
✔✔The cell bodies of postganglionic neurons are in the central nervous system. -
✔✔False
✔✔Acetylcholine acts on alpha and beta receptors. - ✔✔False
✔✔The adrenal medulla releases norepinephrine and epinephrine directly into the blood
stream. - ✔✔True
✔✔Negative feedback in the autonomic nervous system requires an afferent signal. -
✔✔True
✔✔The parasympathetic nervous system innervates the external sphincter of the
bladder. - ✔✔False
, ✔✔Referred pain is caused by convergence of somatic and autonomic information
within the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract. - ✔✔False
✔✔Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system inhibits urination primarily by inhibiting
the detrusor muscle. - ✔✔False
✔✔The hypothalamus can directly control preganglionic sympathetic neurons. - ✔✔True
✔✔To generate conventional transgenic mice, DNA will be injected into: - ✔✔fertilized
mouse eggs
✔✔To determine success of homologous recombination of targeting vector in ES cells,
Northern blotting will be utilized. - ✔✔No, southern blotting
✔✔Using Cre recombinase and FRT-allele(s), we can control DNA recombination and
delete specific genomic area flanked by FRT seuquence. - ✔✔no, flanked by loxP
sequence
✔✔Tamoxifen, an estrogen antagonist (homologue), will bind to the mutated estrogen
receptor fused to the Cre-recombinase, and translocate Cre-recombinase into nucleus. -
✔✔True
✔✔Cre-loxP system also can be used to eliminate floxed-stop codon and induce
expression of a transgene. - ✔✔True
✔✔We cannot control copy number of inserted DNA as well as insertion site (position)
using the conventional transgenic approach. Insertion of DNA construct into ROSA26
locus can be a solution to overcome these insertional effects. - ✔✔True
✔✔Tetracycline-responsive system can be used to either turn-off or turn-on the
expression of transgene by administration of doxycycline. - ✔✔True
✔✔The advantage of CRISPR-Cas9 compared to Zn finger nuclease technology or
TALENs includes that target sequence will be recognized by leucine zippers. -
✔✔False, guide RNA
✔✔ Cardiac muscle contraction is considered to be voluntary movement. - ✔✔False, it
moves involuntarily
✔✔In the gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle is enriched. - ✔✔True
✔✔In our body, approximately 8 liters of intestinal juices are secreted into the GI tract
daily, but only 100 ml of water is secreted into the feces. - ✔✔True
