PSYC 101 Exam 2 V1 | PSYC 101 General
Psychology | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(PSYC101 Exam 2) | Portage Learning
1. In Pavlov’s original experiments, the bell (after pairing with food) served as the:
A. Unconditioned Stimulus
B. Unconditioned Response
C. Conditioned Stimulus
D. Conditioned Response
Correct Answer: C
The bell starts as a neutral stimulus that elicits no response. After repeated pairings with
the food, the bell alone triggers salivation. Therefore, it becomes the conditioned stimulus
in the classical conditioning paradigm.
2. Which of the following describes negative reinforcement?
A. Presenting a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior
B. Removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease behavior
C. Presenting an unpleasant stimulus to decrease behavior
D. Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior
Correct Answer: D
, Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an aversive stimulus following a target
behavior. The goal of this process is to increase the frequency of that behavior in the future.
It is often confused with punishment, which aims to decrease rather than increase
behavior.
3. Select All That Apply: Which of the following are distinct stages in the Atkinson-Shiffrin
model of memory?
A. Sensory Memory
B. Procedural Memory
C. Short-term Memory
D. Long-term Memory
E. Echoic Memory
F. Semantic Memory
Correct Answer: A, C, D
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model describes the flow of information through three specific
storage systems. These systems are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term
memory. Other options like procedural or semantic memory are sub-types of long-term
memory rather than the primary stages of the model itself.
4. According to Piaget, during which stage does a child first demonstrate the ability to
understand conservation?
A. Sensorimotor
, B. Concrete Operational
C. Preoperational
D. Formal Operational
Correct Answer: B
Conservation is the understanding that quantity does not change even when appearance
changes. Piaget noted that children typically master this concept during the concrete
operational stage, which occurs from ages 7 to 11. In the preceding preoperational stage,
children are usually too centrated on one dimension to understand conservation.
5. A person who cannot form new memories after a head injury is suffering from:
A. Retrograde amnesia
B. Proactive interference
C. Anterograde amnesia
D. Retroactive interference
Correct Answer: C
Anterograde amnesia is the inability to transfer new information from short-term to long-
term storage. This results in the patient being unable to form new declarative memories
after the trauma. Conversely, retrograde amnesia involves the loss of memories that
occurred before the brain injury.
Psychology | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(PSYC101 Exam 2) | Portage Learning
1. In Pavlov’s original experiments, the bell (after pairing with food) served as the:
A. Unconditioned Stimulus
B. Unconditioned Response
C. Conditioned Stimulus
D. Conditioned Response
Correct Answer: C
The bell starts as a neutral stimulus that elicits no response. After repeated pairings with
the food, the bell alone triggers salivation. Therefore, it becomes the conditioned stimulus
in the classical conditioning paradigm.
2. Which of the following describes negative reinforcement?
A. Presenting a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior
B. Removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease behavior
C. Presenting an unpleasant stimulus to decrease behavior
D. Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior
Correct Answer: D
, Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an aversive stimulus following a target
behavior. The goal of this process is to increase the frequency of that behavior in the future.
It is often confused with punishment, which aims to decrease rather than increase
behavior.
3. Select All That Apply: Which of the following are distinct stages in the Atkinson-Shiffrin
model of memory?
A. Sensory Memory
B. Procedural Memory
C. Short-term Memory
D. Long-term Memory
E. Echoic Memory
F. Semantic Memory
Correct Answer: A, C, D
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model describes the flow of information through three specific
storage systems. These systems are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term
memory. Other options like procedural or semantic memory are sub-types of long-term
memory rather than the primary stages of the model itself.
4. According to Piaget, during which stage does a child first demonstrate the ability to
understand conservation?
A. Sensorimotor
, B. Concrete Operational
C. Preoperational
D. Formal Operational
Correct Answer: B
Conservation is the understanding that quantity does not change even when appearance
changes. Piaget noted that children typically master this concept during the concrete
operational stage, which occurs from ages 7 to 11. In the preceding preoperational stage,
children are usually too centrated on one dimension to understand conservation.
5. A person who cannot form new memories after a head injury is suffering from:
A. Retrograde amnesia
B. Proactive interference
C. Anterograde amnesia
D. Retroactive interference
Correct Answer: C
Anterograde amnesia is the inability to transfer new information from short-term to long-
term storage. This results in the patient being unable to form new declarative memories
after the trauma. Conversely, retrograde amnesia involves the loss of memories that
occurred before the brain injury.
