PSYC 101 Exam 3 V3 | PSYC 101 General
Psychology | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(PSYC101 Exam 3) | Portage Learning
1. According to Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory, what is the primary conflict during the first
year of life?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame
B. Trust vs. Mistrust
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: B
The first stage of Erikson’s theory focuses on the infant’s relationship with caregivers. If
the child receives consistent care, they develop a sense of security and trust in the world.
Failure to provide this care leads to fear and a belief that the world is unpredictable.
2. Select all of the following that are considered teratogens which can impact prenatal
development: (Select all that apply)
A. Alcohol
B. Cigarette smoke
C. Certain prescription drugs
,D. Viral infections like Rubella
E. Folic acid supplements
F. Lead exposure
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, F
Teratogens are environmental agents that can cause malformations or defects in a
developing fetus. While folic acid is actually recommended for healthy development,
substances like alcohol and tobacco are harmful. These agents can lead to physical
abnormalities, cognitive impairments, or developmental delays.
3. In Piaget’s theory, the term ‘conservation’ refers to the understanding that:
A. Objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.
B. Properties such as mass or volume remain the same despite changes in form.
C. Children are the center of the universe.
D. Abstract reasoning is possible for all adolescents.
Correct Answer: B
Conservation is a key milestone in the concrete operational stage of development. It
demonstrates that a child understands physical quantities do not change just because their
appearance does. Children who lack this skill might think a taller glass holds more water
than a wider glass of the same volume.
, 4. Mary Ainsworth’s ‘Strange Situation’ procedure was designed to measure which of the
following?
A. Cognitive dissonance
B. The capacity of short-term memory
C. Attachment styles between infants and caregivers
D. The intensity of the Moro reflex
Correct Answer: C
Ainsworth observed how infants reacted to a caregiver leaving and returning in an
unfamiliar environment. This research identified patterns such as secure, anxious-
ambivalent, and avoidant attachment. These styles are believed to influence social and
emotional relationships later in adulthood.
5. Kohlberg’s Preconventional level of moral reasoning is characterized by:
A. Adherence to social rules and laws to maintain order
B. Decisions based on fear of punishment or desire for reward
C. Morality based on universal ethical principles
D. The belief that the law is always right
Correct Answer: B
Psychology | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(PSYC101 Exam 3) | Portage Learning
1. According to Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory, what is the primary conflict during the first
year of life?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame
B. Trust vs. Mistrust
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: B
The first stage of Erikson’s theory focuses on the infant’s relationship with caregivers. If
the child receives consistent care, they develop a sense of security and trust in the world.
Failure to provide this care leads to fear and a belief that the world is unpredictable.
2. Select all of the following that are considered teratogens which can impact prenatal
development: (Select all that apply)
A. Alcohol
B. Cigarette smoke
C. Certain prescription drugs
,D. Viral infections like Rubella
E. Folic acid supplements
F. Lead exposure
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, F
Teratogens are environmental agents that can cause malformations or defects in a
developing fetus. While folic acid is actually recommended for healthy development,
substances like alcohol and tobacco are harmful. These agents can lead to physical
abnormalities, cognitive impairments, or developmental delays.
3. In Piaget’s theory, the term ‘conservation’ refers to the understanding that:
A. Objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.
B. Properties such as mass or volume remain the same despite changes in form.
C. Children are the center of the universe.
D. Abstract reasoning is possible for all adolescents.
Correct Answer: B
Conservation is a key milestone in the concrete operational stage of development. It
demonstrates that a child understands physical quantities do not change just because their
appearance does. Children who lack this skill might think a taller glass holds more water
than a wider glass of the same volume.
, 4. Mary Ainsworth’s ‘Strange Situation’ procedure was designed to measure which of the
following?
A. Cognitive dissonance
B. The capacity of short-term memory
C. Attachment styles between infants and caregivers
D. The intensity of the Moro reflex
Correct Answer: C
Ainsworth observed how infants reacted to a caregiver leaving and returning in an
unfamiliar environment. This research identified patterns such as secure, anxious-
ambivalent, and avoidant attachment. These styles are believed to influence social and
emotional relationships later in adulthood.
5. Kohlberg’s Preconventional level of moral reasoning is characterized by:
A. Adherence to social rules and laws to maintain order
B. Decisions based on fear of punishment or desire for reward
C. Morality based on universal ethical principles
D. The belief that the law is always right
Correct Answer: B
