NU 578 Exam 1 – University of South
Alabama Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationale 2027
Q&A| Instant Download Pdf
1. Which of the following best describes evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
A. Clinical decisions based solely on physician preference
B. The integration of best research evidence, clinical expertise, and
patient preferences
C. Following institutional policies regardless of patient needs
D. Using only randomized controlled trials to guide care
Answer: B. The integration of best research evidence, clinical
expertise, and patient preferences
Rationale: Evidence-based practice combines the best available scientific
evidence, clinician expertise, and patient values to optimize healthcare
,outcomes. This balanced approach promotes individualized, high-quality
care rather than relying solely on research, experience, or policy.
2. Which research design provides the highest level of evidence for
determining treatment effectiveness?
A. Case report
B. Cross-sectional study
C. Randomized controlled trial
D. Expert opinion
Answer: C. Randomized controlled trial
Rationale: Randomized controlled trials minimize bias through random
assignment and control groups, making them the gold standard for
evaluating interventions and establishing cause-and-effect relationships.
3. The primary purpose of informed consent is to:
A. Protect healthcare providers from lawsuits.
B. Ensure participants voluntarily understand the research.
C. Increase participant recruitment.
,D. Eliminate all research risks.
Answer: B. Ensure participants voluntarily understand the research.
Rationale: Informed consent ensures participants understand the study's
purpose, procedures, benefits, risks, alternatives, and their right to
withdraw at any time without penalty.
4. Which organization primarily oversees ethical protection of
human research participants?
A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
B. Institutional Review Board (IRB)
C. American Nurses Association
D. Joint Commission
Answer: B. Institutional Review Board (IRB)
Rationale: Institutional Review Boards review research protocols to
ensure ethical standards are met and participant rights, safety, and
welfare are protected.
5. What does the "P" in the PICOT format represent?
, A. Population
B. Practice
C. Prevention
D. Prognosis
Answer: A. Population
Rationale: PICOT stands for Population, Intervention, Comparison,
Outcome, and Time. The population identifies the specific group of
patients being studied.
6. Which type of variable is manipulated by the researcher?
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Confounding variable
D. Extraneous variable
Answer: B. Independent variable
Rationale: The independent variable is intentionally manipulated to
determine its effect on the dependent variable, which represents the
measured outcome.
Alabama Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationale 2027
Q&A| Instant Download Pdf
1. Which of the following best describes evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
A. Clinical decisions based solely on physician preference
B. The integration of best research evidence, clinical expertise, and
patient preferences
C. Following institutional policies regardless of patient needs
D. Using only randomized controlled trials to guide care
Answer: B. The integration of best research evidence, clinical
expertise, and patient preferences
Rationale: Evidence-based practice combines the best available scientific
evidence, clinician expertise, and patient values to optimize healthcare
,outcomes. This balanced approach promotes individualized, high-quality
care rather than relying solely on research, experience, or policy.
2. Which research design provides the highest level of evidence for
determining treatment effectiveness?
A. Case report
B. Cross-sectional study
C. Randomized controlled trial
D. Expert opinion
Answer: C. Randomized controlled trial
Rationale: Randomized controlled trials minimize bias through random
assignment and control groups, making them the gold standard for
evaluating interventions and establishing cause-and-effect relationships.
3. The primary purpose of informed consent is to:
A. Protect healthcare providers from lawsuits.
B. Ensure participants voluntarily understand the research.
C. Increase participant recruitment.
,D. Eliminate all research risks.
Answer: B. Ensure participants voluntarily understand the research.
Rationale: Informed consent ensures participants understand the study's
purpose, procedures, benefits, risks, alternatives, and their right to
withdraw at any time without penalty.
4. Which organization primarily oversees ethical protection of
human research participants?
A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
B. Institutional Review Board (IRB)
C. American Nurses Association
D. Joint Commission
Answer: B. Institutional Review Board (IRB)
Rationale: Institutional Review Boards review research protocols to
ensure ethical standards are met and participant rights, safety, and
welfare are protected.
5. What does the "P" in the PICOT format represent?
, A. Population
B. Practice
C. Prevention
D. Prognosis
Answer: A. Population
Rationale: PICOT stands for Population, Intervention, Comparison,
Outcome, and Time. The population identifies the specific group of
patients being studied.
6. Which type of variable is manipulated by the researcher?
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Confounding variable
D. Extraneous variable
Answer: B. Independent variable
Rationale: The independent variable is intentionally manipulated to
determine its effect on the dependent variable, which represents the
measured outcome.
