BIO 152 MODULE 3 COMPREHENSIVE
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE
2026
◉ What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Answer: DNA → RNA → Protein
◉ What is transcription?
Answer: DNA → mRNA
◉ What is translation?
Answer: mRNA → protein
◉ What is the structure of a nucleotide?
Answer: Phosphate + sugar + nitrogen base
◉ What type of sugar is found in DNA and RNA?
Answer: DNA = deoxyribose; RNA = ribose
◉ What are the base pairing rules?
Answer: A-T (DNA), A-U (RNA), C-G
, ◉ What types of bonds are present in DNA?
Answer: Hydrogen bonds between bases; covalent backbone
◉ What does it mean for DNA strands to be antiparallel?
Answer: Strands run 5'→3' and 3'→5'
◉ What is a gene?
Answer: DNA segment coding for a product
◉ What is the difference between a promoter and a terminator?
Answer: Promoter = start of transcription; terminator = stop of
transcription
◉ What is the role of RNA polymerase?
Answer: Builds RNA from DNA template
◉ In which direction does transcription occur?
Answer: RNA 5'→3', DNA read 3'→5'
◉ What is the base pairing in RNA?
Answer: A-U, C-G
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE
2026
◉ What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Answer: DNA → RNA → Protein
◉ What is transcription?
Answer: DNA → mRNA
◉ What is translation?
Answer: mRNA → protein
◉ What is the structure of a nucleotide?
Answer: Phosphate + sugar + nitrogen base
◉ What type of sugar is found in DNA and RNA?
Answer: DNA = deoxyribose; RNA = ribose
◉ What are the base pairing rules?
Answer: A-T (DNA), A-U (RNA), C-G
, ◉ What types of bonds are present in DNA?
Answer: Hydrogen bonds between bases; covalent backbone
◉ What does it mean for DNA strands to be antiparallel?
Answer: Strands run 5'→3' and 3'→5'
◉ What is a gene?
Answer: DNA segment coding for a product
◉ What is the difference between a promoter and a terminator?
Answer: Promoter = start of transcription; terminator = stop of
transcription
◉ What is the role of RNA polymerase?
Answer: Builds RNA from DNA template
◉ In which direction does transcription occur?
Answer: RNA 5'→3', DNA read 3'→5'
◉ What is the base pairing in RNA?
Answer: A-U, C-G
