BIO 123 UPDATED EVALUATION EXAMS ALL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Gene Expression - ✔✔The process of using information in a gene to make a
functional product.
✔✔Transcription - ✔✔The process of making RNA from a DNA template.
✔✔RNA Polymerase - ✔✔The enzyme that builds RNA during transcription.
✔✔Template Strand - ✔✔The DNA strand used to make complementary RNA.
✔✔Coding Strand - ✔✔The DNA strand with the same sequence as the RNA, except
DNA has T and RNA has U.
✔✔Promoter - ✔✔A DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to start transcription.
✔✔mRNA - ✔✔Messenger RNA; carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes.
✔✔tRNA - ✔✔Transfer RNA; brings amino acids to the ribosome.
, ✔✔rRNA - ✔✔Ribosomal RNA; forms part of the ribosome and helps catalyze peptide
bond formation.
✔✔Translation - ✔✔The process of using mRNA to build a polypeptide.
✔✔Ribosome - ✔✔The cellular structure that reads mRNA and builds proteins.
✔✔Codon - ✔✔A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for an amino acid or
stop signal.
✔✔Anticodon - ✔✔A three-nucleotide sequence in tRNA that pairs with an mRNA
codon.
✔✔Genetic Code - ✔✔The set of rules matching mRNA codons to amino acids.
✔✔Start Codon - ✔✔AUG; signals the start of translation and codes for methionine.
✔✔Stop Codon - ✔✔A codon that ends translation; UAA, UAG, or UGA.
✔✔Aminoacyl-tRNA - ✔✔A tRNA attached to its correct amino acid.
✔✔Peptide Bond Formation - ✔✔The joining of amino acids during translation.
✔✔Central Dogma - ✔✔DNA → RNA → Protein
✔✔Trait - ✔✔An observable characteristic of an organism.
✔✔Phenotype - ✔✔Observable traits or characteristics.
✔✔Genotype - ✔✔The genetic makeup of an organism.
✔✔DNA Sequence - ✔✔The order of nucleotides in DNA.
✔✔Amino Acid Sequence - ✔✔The order of amino acids in a protein.
✔✔Protein Function - ✔✔What a protein does in the cell.
✔✔Prokaryote - ✔✔A cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
✔✔Eukaryote - ✔✔A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
✔✔Chromosome - ✔✔A DNA-protein structure containing genes.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Gene Expression - ✔✔The process of using information in a gene to make a
functional product.
✔✔Transcription - ✔✔The process of making RNA from a DNA template.
✔✔RNA Polymerase - ✔✔The enzyme that builds RNA during transcription.
✔✔Template Strand - ✔✔The DNA strand used to make complementary RNA.
✔✔Coding Strand - ✔✔The DNA strand with the same sequence as the RNA, except
DNA has T and RNA has U.
✔✔Promoter - ✔✔A DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to start transcription.
✔✔mRNA - ✔✔Messenger RNA; carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes.
✔✔tRNA - ✔✔Transfer RNA; brings amino acids to the ribosome.
, ✔✔rRNA - ✔✔Ribosomal RNA; forms part of the ribosome and helps catalyze peptide
bond formation.
✔✔Translation - ✔✔The process of using mRNA to build a polypeptide.
✔✔Ribosome - ✔✔The cellular structure that reads mRNA and builds proteins.
✔✔Codon - ✔✔A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for an amino acid or
stop signal.
✔✔Anticodon - ✔✔A three-nucleotide sequence in tRNA that pairs with an mRNA
codon.
✔✔Genetic Code - ✔✔The set of rules matching mRNA codons to amino acids.
✔✔Start Codon - ✔✔AUG; signals the start of translation and codes for methionine.
✔✔Stop Codon - ✔✔A codon that ends translation; UAA, UAG, or UGA.
✔✔Aminoacyl-tRNA - ✔✔A tRNA attached to its correct amino acid.
✔✔Peptide Bond Formation - ✔✔The joining of amino acids during translation.
✔✔Central Dogma - ✔✔DNA → RNA → Protein
✔✔Trait - ✔✔An observable characteristic of an organism.
✔✔Phenotype - ✔✔Observable traits or characteristics.
✔✔Genotype - ✔✔The genetic makeup of an organism.
✔✔DNA Sequence - ✔✔The order of nucleotides in DNA.
✔✔Amino Acid Sequence - ✔✔The order of amino acids in a protein.
✔✔Protein Function - ✔✔What a protein does in the cell.
✔✔Prokaryote - ✔✔A cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
✔✔Eukaryote - ✔✔A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
✔✔Chromosome - ✔✔A DNA-protein structure containing genes.
