CALT Study Guide Phonology, Morphology, and Reading Instruction Questions and Answers Updated 2026/2027 Version | Verified Answers

CALT Study Guide Phonology, Morphology, and Reading Instruction Questions and Answers Updated 2026/2027 Version | Verified Answers 1. What are the four properties of a letter? - ANSWER Name, shape, sound, and feel. 2. What are the four main areas of phoneme awareness? - ANSWER Blending, segmentation, substitution, and manipulation. 3. What are the four lesson plan components (EPPC)? - ANSWER Emphasis, Preparation, Practice, and Closure. 4. What language is the source of many medical, scientific, and government words? - ANSWER Greek. 5. What language contributes many common everyday English words? - ANSWER Anglo-Saxon. 6. What component of reading improves through repeated oral reading with correction? - ANSWER Fluency. 7. What phonological skill involves changing /b/ in bat to /k/? - ANSWER Phoneme manipulation. 8. What is encoding? - ANSWER Segmenting sounds and matching them to letters for spelling. 9. What are the six syllable types? - ANSWER Closed, open, vowel consonant-e, vowel team, r-controlled, and consonant-le. 10. Why are decodable texts important? - ANSWER They provide controlled practice with taught phonics patterns. 11. What is VAKT? - ANSWER Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, and Tactile multisensory instruction. 12. Why is handwriting instruction important? - ANSWER It supports literacy, spelling, and written expression. 13. What is dyscalculia? - ANSWER A learning disability affecting mathematics. 14. What is executive function? - ANSWER Cognitive processes that help regulate behavior, memory, and organization. 15. What federal law provides accommodations for students with disabilities who do not qualify for IDEA? - ANSWER Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. 16. What does IDEA stand for? - ANSWER Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. 17. According to ALTA ethics, what should guide decisions? - ANSWER The student's best interests and ethical practice. 18. When may confidential student information be shared? - ANSWER With consent, when required by law, or in cases of imminent danger. 19. What does CALT stand for? - ANSWER Certified Academic Language Therapist. 20. What is the strongest indicator of a reading disability? - ANSWER A deficit in phonology. 21. What major reading difficulty do students with dyslexia have? - ANSWER Associating letters with the sounds they represent. 22. What is orthographic mapping? - ANSWER Connecting sounds, letters, and meaning to store words in memory. 23. What does the root 'rupt' mean? - ANSWER Break. 24. What does the root 'graph' mean? - ANSWER Write or draw. 25. What does the root 'chrono' mean? - ANSWER Time. 26. What does the prefix 'mis-' mean? - ANSWER Wrong or badly. 27. How many speech sounds are represented in English? - ANSWER Approximately 44 phonemes. 28. What is accuracy? - ANSWER The ability to decode words correctly without error. 29. What is automaticity? - ANSWER Accurate and effortless word identification. 30. What is fluency? - ANSWER Reading accurately, quickly, smoothly, and with expression. 31. What is the ultimate goal of reading? - ANSWER Comprehension. 32. What is morphology? - ANSWER The study of word formation and meaningful word parts. 33. What is syntax? - ANSWER The system by which words are ordered in phrases and sentences. 34. What is semantics? - ANSWER The meaning of words and relationships among words. 35. What is phonology? - ANSWER The study of sounds in spoken language.