NSG 170 Final Exam Study Guide Part
2 Latest Updated
Anaplasia - ANSWER-Regression of a cell to an immature or undifferentiated
Radiation - ANSWER-*Application of x-rays or high-energy protons to kill cancer cells
*Used for ~50% of clients with cancer
*Localized treatment
*May precede surgery to shrink tumor
*May follow surgery to kill cancer cells left behind
*May be used as palliation for inoperable cancers
Rapid Insulin - ANSWER-*Lispro (Humalog)
*Aspart (Novolog)
*Glulisine (Apidra)
*Onset: 15-20mins
*Peak: 30mins
*Duration: 3-6hrs
Short Acting - ANSWER-*Regular Insulin
*Onset: 30-60mins
*Peak: 1hr
*Duration: 3-5hrs
Intermediate Acting - ANSWER-*NPH
*Onset: 2hrs
*Peak: 6-8hr
*Duration: 12-16hrs
Long Acting - ANSWER-*Glargine (Lantus)
*Detemir (Levemir)
*Onset: 1-2hrs
*Peak: None
*Duration: 24hrs
Glucagon - ANSWER-A hormone that stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver,
the formation of carbohydrates in the liver, and the breakdown of lipids in both the liver
and adipose tissue
Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER-The formation of glucose from fats and proteins
, Glycogenolysis - ANSWER-The breakdown of liver glycogen
Malignant - ANSWER-If not treated, a growth will recur, continue to grow, and spread
Benign Neoplasms - ANSWER-*Localized growths
*Form a solid mass
*Well-defined borders
*Frequently encapsulated
*Respond to the body's homeostatic controls
Malignant Neoplasms - ANSWER-*Grow aggressively
*Do not respond to the body's homeostatic controls
*Cut through surrounding tissue causing bleeding, inflammation, and necrosis
*Metastasis-spread of malignant neoplasms to other areas of the body
Carcinogens (Causative Agents) - ANSWER-*Chemicals
*Radiation
*Viruses
*Hormones
*Immune conditions
*Inherited mutations
Cancer Risk Factors - ANSWER-*Infection
*Tobacco use
*Alcohol use
*Recreational drugs
*Obesity
*Sun exposure
*Heredity
*Age
*Gender
*Poverty
*Stress
*Diet
*Occupation
Cancer Prevention - ANSWER-*Avoid smoking
*Limited alcohol consumption
*Exercise
*Wearing sunscreen
*Avoid prolonged sun exposure
*Follow occupational safety protocols
Chemotherapy - ANSWER-*Administered by numerous routes
2 Latest Updated
Anaplasia - ANSWER-Regression of a cell to an immature or undifferentiated
Radiation - ANSWER-*Application of x-rays or high-energy protons to kill cancer cells
*Used for ~50% of clients with cancer
*Localized treatment
*May precede surgery to shrink tumor
*May follow surgery to kill cancer cells left behind
*May be used as palliation for inoperable cancers
Rapid Insulin - ANSWER-*Lispro (Humalog)
*Aspart (Novolog)
*Glulisine (Apidra)
*Onset: 15-20mins
*Peak: 30mins
*Duration: 3-6hrs
Short Acting - ANSWER-*Regular Insulin
*Onset: 30-60mins
*Peak: 1hr
*Duration: 3-5hrs
Intermediate Acting - ANSWER-*NPH
*Onset: 2hrs
*Peak: 6-8hr
*Duration: 12-16hrs
Long Acting - ANSWER-*Glargine (Lantus)
*Detemir (Levemir)
*Onset: 1-2hrs
*Peak: None
*Duration: 24hrs
Glucagon - ANSWER-A hormone that stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver,
the formation of carbohydrates in the liver, and the breakdown of lipids in both the liver
and adipose tissue
Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER-The formation of glucose from fats and proteins
, Glycogenolysis - ANSWER-The breakdown of liver glycogen
Malignant - ANSWER-If not treated, a growth will recur, continue to grow, and spread
Benign Neoplasms - ANSWER-*Localized growths
*Form a solid mass
*Well-defined borders
*Frequently encapsulated
*Respond to the body's homeostatic controls
Malignant Neoplasms - ANSWER-*Grow aggressively
*Do not respond to the body's homeostatic controls
*Cut through surrounding tissue causing bleeding, inflammation, and necrosis
*Metastasis-spread of malignant neoplasms to other areas of the body
Carcinogens (Causative Agents) - ANSWER-*Chemicals
*Radiation
*Viruses
*Hormones
*Immune conditions
*Inherited mutations
Cancer Risk Factors - ANSWER-*Infection
*Tobacco use
*Alcohol use
*Recreational drugs
*Obesity
*Sun exposure
*Heredity
*Age
*Gender
*Poverty
*Stress
*Diet
*Occupation
Cancer Prevention - ANSWER-*Avoid smoking
*Limited alcohol consumption
*Exercise
*Wearing sunscreen
*Avoid prolonged sun exposure
*Follow occupational safety protocols
Chemotherapy - ANSWER-*Administered by numerous routes
