ANS 150 FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Understand how stressors can lead to disease, and disease can lead to poor welfare -
Answers - Psychological Stressors, Disease, Poor Nutrition, Injuries/Accidents,
Environmental Threats
↓
Neg. Affective State
↓
Physiological Response or Self Harming Behaviors
↓
Physiological Problem
↓
Increased Mortality
What are the 3 models for Animal Welfare, and know the basics of what each entails -
Answers - *5 freedoms* (Brambell Report, 1965): not really used anymore; "Animal
must have freedom from..."
- Hunger, Thirst, and Malnutrition
- Discomfort and Exposure to the elements
- Pain, Injury, and Disease
- Fear and Distress
- Behavioral obstructions (can act naturally)
*3 Circles View* (2008): main one used currently in the US
- Physical (health and function)
- Mental (Affective states)
- Natural State/Behaviors
*5 domains model* (Mellor, 2017): Mainly only used in New zealand and Australia;
- Proper Nutrition
- Environment
- Good Health
- Natural Behavior
- Mental state
Consequences of antibiotic overuse - Answers - • Expensive (antimicrobial costs and
high financial loss)
• Raises prices of animal products
• AMR reduces available antibacterial treatments for sick animals/ people
• higher morbidity and mortality
• Poor animal welfare (longer time spent sick, > risk of transmission, isolation)
• Transfer of antimicrobial resistant bacteria
Goals of One Health (3 C's) - Answers - coordinating, communicating, and Collaborating
, 3 components of One Health and what each one entails - Answers - Human Health:
How are humans affected by the disease/event?
Animals Health: How are animals affected?
Environmental Health: How is the environment affected?
What/who does One Health involve - Answers - Every person, animal, and environment
What type of systems approach does One Health use - Answers - transdisciplinary
What is the 6 degrees of one health concept - Answers - The idea that everything is
connected within 6 branches
Difference between the non-traditional and traditional approach to disease - Answers -
Non traditional approach: not 1 factor at play, but complex interactions between multiple
factors; looks at the whole picture to figure out a problem.
Traditional approach: focusses on the symptoms of the illness, and where the pain is
coming from; doesn't account for outside reasons like stress
Understand the one health approach to environmental/animal health management (5
major factors) - Answers - 1. General husbandry
2. Biosecurity protocols
3. Nutrition
4. Housing, ventilation, shade
5. Behavioral needs (not human controlled!)
Levels that one health functions at - Answers - local (like the farm or town)
national (rules the country enforces for all)
global (Rules enforced for everyone everywhere)
Environmental enrichment: what is it and how does it improve animal health and
welfare? - Answers - Adding something that acts to enhance the level of physical,
mental, and social stimulation in a captive environment; help give an animal an
opportunity to perform highly motivated species-specific behaviors; helps relieve stress
and have a happier life
What is Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and how does it occur - Answers - when
bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to
medicines, making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread,
severe illness, & death; occurs from using antimicrobials a lot
3 major ways antibiotics are used in animals - Answers - 1. growth enhancer (usually in
chicks; low sub-therapeutic dose)
2. Prophylactic use of antibiotics (used to prevent disease; usually used in high risk
animals; full dose)
3. Treatment (Used in clinically diagnosed animals; full dose)
Understand how stressors can lead to disease, and disease can lead to poor welfare -
Answers - Psychological Stressors, Disease, Poor Nutrition, Injuries/Accidents,
Environmental Threats
↓
Neg. Affective State
↓
Physiological Response or Self Harming Behaviors
↓
Physiological Problem
↓
Increased Mortality
What are the 3 models for Animal Welfare, and know the basics of what each entails -
Answers - *5 freedoms* (Brambell Report, 1965): not really used anymore; "Animal
must have freedom from..."
- Hunger, Thirst, and Malnutrition
- Discomfort and Exposure to the elements
- Pain, Injury, and Disease
- Fear and Distress
- Behavioral obstructions (can act naturally)
*3 Circles View* (2008): main one used currently in the US
- Physical (health and function)
- Mental (Affective states)
- Natural State/Behaviors
*5 domains model* (Mellor, 2017): Mainly only used in New zealand and Australia;
- Proper Nutrition
- Environment
- Good Health
- Natural Behavior
- Mental state
Consequences of antibiotic overuse - Answers - • Expensive (antimicrobial costs and
high financial loss)
• Raises prices of animal products
• AMR reduces available antibacterial treatments for sick animals/ people
• higher morbidity and mortality
• Poor animal welfare (longer time spent sick, > risk of transmission, isolation)
• Transfer of antimicrobial resistant bacteria
Goals of One Health (3 C's) - Answers - coordinating, communicating, and Collaborating
, 3 components of One Health and what each one entails - Answers - Human Health:
How are humans affected by the disease/event?
Animals Health: How are animals affected?
Environmental Health: How is the environment affected?
What/who does One Health involve - Answers - Every person, animal, and environment
What type of systems approach does One Health use - Answers - transdisciplinary
What is the 6 degrees of one health concept - Answers - The idea that everything is
connected within 6 branches
Difference between the non-traditional and traditional approach to disease - Answers -
Non traditional approach: not 1 factor at play, but complex interactions between multiple
factors; looks at the whole picture to figure out a problem.
Traditional approach: focusses on the symptoms of the illness, and where the pain is
coming from; doesn't account for outside reasons like stress
Understand the one health approach to environmental/animal health management (5
major factors) - Answers - 1. General husbandry
2. Biosecurity protocols
3. Nutrition
4. Housing, ventilation, shade
5. Behavioral needs (not human controlled!)
Levels that one health functions at - Answers - local (like the farm or town)
national (rules the country enforces for all)
global (Rules enforced for everyone everywhere)
Environmental enrichment: what is it and how does it improve animal health and
welfare? - Answers - Adding something that acts to enhance the level of physical,
mental, and social stimulation in a captive environment; help give an animal an
opportunity to perform highly motivated species-specific behaviors; helps relieve stress
and have a happier life
What is Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and how does it occur - Answers - when
bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to
medicines, making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread,
severe illness, & death; occurs from using antimicrobials a lot
3 major ways antibiotics are used in animals - Answers - 1. growth enhancer (usually in
chicks; low sub-therapeutic dose)
2. Prophylactic use of antibiotics (used to prevent disease; usually used in high risk
animals; full dose)
3. Treatment (Used in clinically diagnosed animals; full dose)
