NURS 3366 Pathophysiologic Processes:
Implications for Nursing Exam 2
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationale 2027 Q&A|
Instant Download Pdf
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in the
size of existing cells rather than an increase in the number of
cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Rationale: Hypertrophy occurs when individual cells enlarge, resulting in
increased organ or tissue size. Examples include skeletal muscle
enlargement with exercise and left ventricular hypertrophy caused by
,chronic hypertension. Hyperplasia involves an increase in cell number,
atrophy refers to decreased cell size, and metaplasia is the replacement
of one mature cell type with another.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause life-
threatening cardiac dysrhythmias?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Rationale: Hyperkalemia significantly alters cardiac electrical
conduction by decreasing myocardial excitability, potentially resulting in
peaked T waves, widened QRS complexes, ventricular fibrillation, or
cardiac arrest. Early recognition and treatment are essential.
3. A patient develops swelling, redness, warmth, and pain after
stepping on a nail. These manifestations represent:
A. Chronic inflammation
B. Autoimmune disease
,C. Acute inflammation
D. Tissue necrosis
Rationale: Acute inflammation is the body's immediate protective
response to tissue injury. The classic signs include redness (rubor), heat
(calor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), and sometimes loss of function.
4. Which process is responsible for programmed cell death?
A. Necrosis
B. Autolysis
C. Coagulation
D. Apoptosis
Rationale: Apoptosis is genetically regulated programmed cell death
that removes damaged or unnecessary cells without causing
inflammation. Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death associated with
inflammation and tissue injury.
5. Which patient is at greatest risk for developing edema?
A. Patient with hypercalcemia
, B. Patient with hypoalbuminemia
C. Patient with hyperglycemia
D. Patient with respiratory alkalosis
Rationale: Hypoalbuminemia decreases plasma oncotic pressure,
allowing fluid to move from the vascular compartment into the
interstitial tissues, resulting in edema.
6. Which acid-base imbalance would most likely occur in a patient
experiencing prolonged vomiting?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis develops because vomiting causes
excessive loss of hydrochloric acid from the stomach, increasing serum
bicarbonate concentration.
7. Which hormone primarily lowers blood glucose levels?
Implications for Nursing Exam 2
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationale 2027 Q&A|
Instant Download Pdf
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in the
size of existing cells rather than an increase in the number of
cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Rationale: Hypertrophy occurs when individual cells enlarge, resulting in
increased organ or tissue size. Examples include skeletal muscle
enlargement with exercise and left ventricular hypertrophy caused by
,chronic hypertension. Hyperplasia involves an increase in cell number,
atrophy refers to decreased cell size, and metaplasia is the replacement
of one mature cell type with another.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause life-
threatening cardiac dysrhythmias?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Rationale: Hyperkalemia significantly alters cardiac electrical
conduction by decreasing myocardial excitability, potentially resulting in
peaked T waves, widened QRS complexes, ventricular fibrillation, or
cardiac arrest. Early recognition and treatment are essential.
3. A patient develops swelling, redness, warmth, and pain after
stepping on a nail. These manifestations represent:
A. Chronic inflammation
B. Autoimmune disease
,C. Acute inflammation
D. Tissue necrosis
Rationale: Acute inflammation is the body's immediate protective
response to tissue injury. The classic signs include redness (rubor), heat
(calor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), and sometimes loss of function.
4. Which process is responsible for programmed cell death?
A. Necrosis
B. Autolysis
C. Coagulation
D. Apoptosis
Rationale: Apoptosis is genetically regulated programmed cell death
that removes damaged or unnecessary cells without causing
inflammation. Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death associated with
inflammation and tissue injury.
5. Which patient is at greatest risk for developing edema?
A. Patient with hypercalcemia
, B. Patient with hypoalbuminemia
C. Patient with hyperglycemia
D. Patient with respiratory alkalosis
Rationale: Hypoalbuminemia decreases plasma oncotic pressure,
allowing fluid to move from the vascular compartment into the
interstitial tissues, resulting in edema.
6. Which acid-base imbalance would most likely occur in a patient
experiencing prolonged vomiting?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis develops because vomiting causes
excessive loss of hydrochloric acid from the stomach, increasing serum
bicarbonate concentration.
7. Which hormone primarily lowers blood glucose levels?
