TEST BANK
TEST BANK
,Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher
CHAPTER 2 The Research Process: From Ideas to Innovations
CHAPTER 3 Ethics and Open Science: Upholding Scientific Integrity in Research
CHAPTER 4 The Psychologist’s Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs
CHAPTER 5 Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer
CHAPTER 6 Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in a Parent’s
Bag of Tricks
CHAPTER 7 Correlational Research and Survey Design: Is Going Greek a Great
Idea?
CHAPTER 8 Two-Group Design: Texting: I Can’t Get You Out of My Mind
CHAPTER 9 Multigroup Design: I’m Feeling Hot, But Is the Earth Hot, Too?
CHAPTER 10 Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality TV Shows Be Good for
Us?
CHAPTER 11 Factorial Design: “I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours?” Do
Pick-Up Lines Really Work?
CHAPTER 12 Mixed Design: How Do Mindfulness and Bed-Sharing With Pets
Impact Stress?
CHAPTER 13 Program Evaluation: Applying Your Skills in the Real World
,Test Bank for Discovering the Scientist Within: Research
Methods in Psychology, 3rd Edition – Gary Lewandowski Jr.,
Natalie Ciarocco & David Strohmetz
Chapter 1: Psychology as a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher
1 Which early movement of psychology investigated how our minds help us adapt to the world
around us?
A. Structuralism
B. Functionalism
C. Behaviorism
D. Psychoanalysis
B. Functionalism
The answer is B: Functionalism, influenced by William James and Darwin's theory of evolution,
focused on the adaptive purpose of mental processes and behavior. Structuralism sought to
break consciousness into basic elements rather than study adaptive function. Behaviorism
rejected the study of the mind altogether in favor of observable behavior. Psychoanalysis
focused on unconscious conflicts, not adaptation.
2 What advice might John B. Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?
A. "Study the unconscious mind through dream analysis."
B. "Focus on observable behavior."
C. "Explore self-actualization and personal growth."
D. "Break consciousness into its basic structural elements."
B. "Focus on observable behavior."
The answer is B: Watson founded behaviorism and argued psychology should be an objective
science limited to observable, measurable behavior rather than introspection or unconscious
, processes. The other options describe psychoanalytic, humanistic, and structuralist approaches,
which Watson explicitly rejected.
3 Evolutionary Psychology might suggest that certain cognitive strategies and goals are built
into the brain because ______.
A. they were taught through childhood socialization
B. they help humans adapt to their natural environment
C. they are learned through operant conditioning
D. they reflect unconscious childhood conflicts
B. they help humans adapt to their natural environment
The answer is B: Evolutionary psychology explains cognitive strategies as products of natural
selection that improved survival and reproduction in ancestral environments. Socialization and
conditioning describe learned behavior, not innate evolved strategies, and unconscious conflict
is a psychoanalytic concept unrelated to evolutionary theory.
4 You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as "free will" and "Self-
Actualization." Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the
psychologist presented?
A. Psychoanalytic
B. Behaviorism
C. Humanism
D. Sociocultural
C. Humanism
The answer is C: Humanism, associated with Maslow and Rogers, emphasizes free will, personal
growth, and self-actualization as the drive toward fulfilling one's potential. Psychoanalysis
focuses on unconscious drives, behaviorism on conditioned responses, and the sociocultural
TEST BANK
,Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher
CHAPTER 2 The Research Process: From Ideas to Innovations
CHAPTER 3 Ethics and Open Science: Upholding Scientific Integrity in Research
CHAPTER 4 The Psychologist’s Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs
CHAPTER 5 Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer
CHAPTER 6 Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in a Parent’s
Bag of Tricks
CHAPTER 7 Correlational Research and Survey Design: Is Going Greek a Great
Idea?
CHAPTER 8 Two-Group Design: Texting: I Can’t Get You Out of My Mind
CHAPTER 9 Multigroup Design: I’m Feeling Hot, But Is the Earth Hot, Too?
CHAPTER 10 Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality TV Shows Be Good for
Us?
CHAPTER 11 Factorial Design: “I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours?” Do
Pick-Up Lines Really Work?
CHAPTER 12 Mixed Design: How Do Mindfulness and Bed-Sharing With Pets
Impact Stress?
CHAPTER 13 Program Evaluation: Applying Your Skills in the Real World
,Test Bank for Discovering the Scientist Within: Research
Methods in Psychology, 3rd Edition – Gary Lewandowski Jr.,
Natalie Ciarocco & David Strohmetz
Chapter 1: Psychology as a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher
1 Which early movement of psychology investigated how our minds help us adapt to the world
around us?
A. Structuralism
B. Functionalism
C. Behaviorism
D. Psychoanalysis
B. Functionalism
The answer is B: Functionalism, influenced by William James and Darwin's theory of evolution,
focused on the adaptive purpose of mental processes and behavior. Structuralism sought to
break consciousness into basic elements rather than study adaptive function. Behaviorism
rejected the study of the mind altogether in favor of observable behavior. Psychoanalysis
focused on unconscious conflicts, not adaptation.
2 What advice might John B. Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?
A. "Study the unconscious mind through dream analysis."
B. "Focus on observable behavior."
C. "Explore self-actualization and personal growth."
D. "Break consciousness into its basic structural elements."
B. "Focus on observable behavior."
The answer is B: Watson founded behaviorism and argued psychology should be an objective
science limited to observable, measurable behavior rather than introspection or unconscious
, processes. The other options describe psychoanalytic, humanistic, and structuralist approaches,
which Watson explicitly rejected.
3 Evolutionary Psychology might suggest that certain cognitive strategies and goals are built
into the brain because ______.
A. they were taught through childhood socialization
B. they help humans adapt to their natural environment
C. they are learned through operant conditioning
D. they reflect unconscious childhood conflicts
B. they help humans adapt to their natural environment
The answer is B: Evolutionary psychology explains cognitive strategies as products of natural
selection that improved survival and reproduction in ancestral environments. Socialization and
conditioning describe learned behavior, not innate evolved strategies, and unconscious conflict
is a psychoanalytic concept unrelated to evolutionary theory.
4 You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as "free will" and "Self-
Actualization." Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the
psychologist presented?
A. Psychoanalytic
B. Behaviorism
C. Humanism
D. Sociocultural
C. Humanism
The answer is C: Humanism, associated with Maslow and Rogers, emphasizes free will, personal
growth, and self-actualization as the drive toward fulfilling one's potential. Psychoanalysis
focuses on unconscious drives, behaviorism on conditioned responses, and the sociocultural
