NR 283 Pathophysiology Final Exam
questions and answers 2027 update
UTI or Acute Cystitis - ANS>>- cloudy urine
- caused by E. coli
Pancreatitis - ANS>>is caused by:
- gallstones (bile duct disorder)
- alcohol
Rickets - ANS>>- a term used for osteomalacia in CHILDREN
- usually due to inadequate or lack of Vitamin D
Appendicitis - ANS>>- pain in the lower right quadrant (LRQ)
Peptic Ulcer (Gastric) - ANS>>- occult blood in stool
- coffee-ground vomitus (coffee grains in the vomit)
Sprain - ANS>>- a torn ligament
Azotemia - ANS>>- nitrogen in the blood caused by kidney damage -
excess urea and other nitrogen wastes in the blood, as in renal failure
Dislocation - ANS>>- distortion of joint, usually evident
- bone separated from/deformed at joint
What group is at high-risk for Gout? - ANS>>- males between 40-50 years of age
What group is at high-risk for Osteoporosis? - ANS>>- postmenopausal women due to low estrogen
levels
, Gastritis - ANS>>- is an inflammation of the stomach that may occur in many forms such as acute and
chronic
- inflammatory disorder of gastric mucosa
- Increases risk of cancer
Acute Gastritis - ANS>>- gastric mucosa is inflamed
- may be ulcerated and bleeding
- is usually self-limiting
- may result from infection by microorganisms, allergies to foods, spicy or irritating foods, excessive
alcohol intake, ingestion of aspirin or other NSAIDs, ingestion of corrosive or toxic substances, radiation
or chemotherapy
- signs and symtpoms include:
• anorexia, nausea, vomiting may develop
• hematemesis caused by bleeding
• epigastric pain, cramps or general discomfort
• with infection, diarrhea may develop
Chronic Gastritis - ANS>>- characterized by atrophy of stomach mucosa
• loss of secretory glands
• reduced production of intrinsic factor
- Helicobacter pylori infection is often present
- signs may be vague
• mild epigastric discomfort, anorexia, intolerance for certain foods
- increased risk of peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma
- certain autoimmune disorders are associated with one type of chronic gastric atrophy
Signs and Symptoms of Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones) - ANS>>- stones in the kidney or bladder are
frequently asymptomatic
- flank pain (back pain or area below the ribs) due to distention of the renal capsule
questions and answers 2027 update
UTI or Acute Cystitis - ANS>>- cloudy urine
- caused by E. coli
Pancreatitis - ANS>>is caused by:
- gallstones (bile duct disorder)
- alcohol
Rickets - ANS>>- a term used for osteomalacia in CHILDREN
- usually due to inadequate or lack of Vitamin D
Appendicitis - ANS>>- pain in the lower right quadrant (LRQ)
Peptic Ulcer (Gastric) - ANS>>- occult blood in stool
- coffee-ground vomitus (coffee grains in the vomit)
Sprain - ANS>>- a torn ligament
Azotemia - ANS>>- nitrogen in the blood caused by kidney damage -
excess urea and other nitrogen wastes in the blood, as in renal failure
Dislocation - ANS>>- distortion of joint, usually evident
- bone separated from/deformed at joint
What group is at high-risk for Gout? - ANS>>- males between 40-50 years of age
What group is at high-risk for Osteoporosis? - ANS>>- postmenopausal women due to low estrogen
levels
, Gastritis - ANS>>- is an inflammation of the stomach that may occur in many forms such as acute and
chronic
- inflammatory disorder of gastric mucosa
- Increases risk of cancer
Acute Gastritis - ANS>>- gastric mucosa is inflamed
- may be ulcerated and bleeding
- is usually self-limiting
- may result from infection by microorganisms, allergies to foods, spicy or irritating foods, excessive
alcohol intake, ingestion of aspirin or other NSAIDs, ingestion of corrosive or toxic substances, radiation
or chemotherapy
- signs and symtpoms include:
• anorexia, nausea, vomiting may develop
• hematemesis caused by bleeding
• epigastric pain, cramps or general discomfort
• with infection, diarrhea may develop
Chronic Gastritis - ANS>>- characterized by atrophy of stomach mucosa
• loss of secretory glands
• reduced production of intrinsic factor
- Helicobacter pylori infection is often present
- signs may be vague
• mild epigastric discomfort, anorexia, intolerance for certain foods
- increased risk of peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma
- certain autoimmune disorders are associated with one type of chronic gastric atrophy
Signs and Symptoms of Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones) - ANS>>- stones in the kidney or bladder are
frequently asymptomatic
- flank pain (back pain or area below the ribs) due to distention of the renal capsule
