ABDSM FINAL EXAM TEST 2025/2026 LATEST
UPDATE
In Van Heasendonck's 2015 systematic review of oral appliance health benefits, mean
disease alleviation was calculated using the following:
A. An embedded microsensor
B. A highly compliant patient population
C. Patient's diaries of hours of nightly device use
D. Patient's attestations to hours of nightly device use - ANS-A. An embedded
microsensor
Caffeine promotes wakefulness by suppressing or blocking:
A. Thyroid stimulating hormone
B. Growth hormone
C. Orexin
D. Adenosine - ANS-D. Adenosine
A study design where one or more population samples are followed prospectively to
determine which participant's exposure characteristics (risk factors) are associated with
a disease or outcome is called a:
A. Randomized control trial
B. Non-randomized control trial
C. Cohort study
D. Case control study - ANS-C. Cohort study
In an experiment where participants are randomly assigned, one group receives the
drug or procedure, a placebo group's treatment is disguised to resemble the drug or
procedure being investigated and a control group receives nothing. Members of each
group are prevented from knowing whether they are receiving active therapy. This
would be called a:
A. Randomized control trial
B. Cohort study
C. Randomized case report
D. Blinded triple trial - ANS-A. Randomized control trial
,The masseter muscle originates at:
A. The temporal fossa
B. The zygomatic arch
C. The mylohyoid ridge
D. The coronoid process - ANS-B. The zygomatic arch
In Sheats et. al., a morning occlusal guide is a common side effect management
modality. Which of the following is CORRECT?
A. A MOG encompasses many custom made appliances and pre-fabricated devices
used in an effort to reposition the mandible into its habitual pre-treatment position B.
A MOG has a very specific design as established by the AADSM consensus
committee on side effects
C. A morning occlusal guide was shown to stretch the lateral pterygoid muscle to full
functional length with EMG studies
D. Use of an MOG assures the patient that there will be no bite changes as a result
of use of an oral appliance - ANS-A. A MOG encompasses many custom made
appliances and pre-fabricated devices used in an effort to reposition the mandible into
its habitual pre-treatment position
All of the following exacerbate sleep disordered breathing, EXCEPT:
A. Use of stimulants within 1 hr of bedtime
B. Consumption of a heavy meal within 1 hr of bedtime
C. Use of melatonin within 1 hr of sleep onset
D. Use of alcohol, especially as a means to induce sleep - ANS-C. Use of melatonin
within 1 hr of sleep onset
A patient presents to consult with you regarding oral appliance therapy for their
moderate OSA. They report intermittent "jaw pain" for the past 6 weeks. You should
explain that:
A. It is best to postpone treatment until the pain has resolved
B. An oral appliance is contraindicated for a patient that has active TMD
C. A comprehensive oral-facial evaluation is necessary to ID the source of their jaw pain
before considering or proceeding with oral appliance therapy
D. An oral appliance will improve their jaw pain if the source of the pain is muscular, and
not originating from the TMJ - ANS-C. A comprehensive oral-facial evaluation is
necessary to ID the source of their jaw pain before considering or proceeding with
oral appliance therapy
The most recent research points to the primary etiology of sleep bruxism as:
,A. Nicotine, ethanol, recreational drug or caffeine use
B. Peripheral triggers such as occlusal discrepancies
C. Central factors such as stress and psychosocial influences
D. The result of a combination of environmental, biological, and psycho-social
influences - ANS-D. The result of a combination of environmental, biological, and
psycho-social influences
According to Caples, et al, risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events is
significantly increased in patients with:
A. Mild OSA
B. Severe OSA
C. Severe OSA on CPAP therapy
D. Both A and B - ANS-B. Severe OSA
In sleep, heart rate... - ANS-Slows 10-15 BPM
In sleep, breathing... - ANS-slows
In sleep, muscles - ANS-relax
In sleep, BP - ANS-Decreases (morning dip)
In sleep, body temperature... - ANS-Decreases, then begins to rise just before morning
wakeup time
Which neurons are sleep promoting? - ANS-- Ventrolateral Preoptic System (VLPO)
- Median Preoptic Nuclei (MNPO)
Loss of which neurons promotes profound insomnia and sleep fragmentation? - ANS-
VLPO
What does the flip flop switch refer to? - ANS-Mutual inhibition of sleep and wake
promoting neurons triggered by changes in drive for sleep or circadian altering signal
When do the deepest stages of sleep occur? - ANS-20 minutes after sleep onset
What is referred to as the circadian pacemaker? - ANS-SCN (Suprachiasmatic nuclei of
anterior hypothalamus)
What does the SCN promote? - ANS-Wakefulness, and maintains sleep after sleep
, drive dissipates in the 2nd half of the jight
Where is melatonin released? - ANS-Pineal gland
Regulated by SCN
Is melatonin necessary for sleep? - ANS-No, but helps synchronize circadian rhythms
What causes sleep drive to buildup throughout the day? - ANS-Buildup of adenosine
Induces sleep by inhibiting wake promoting neurons
What neurotransmitter does caffeine inhibit? - ANS-Adenosine
Promotes wakefulness
What are some characteristics of REM? - ANS-- Increased brain wave activity
- Eyes move back and forth rapidly
- Atonic muscles
- Dreaming
- High cholinergic, low adrenergic state
When is REM more prominent? - ANS-Second half of the night - and episodes lengthen
throughout the night
What % REM do premature infants have? - ANS-80%
What % REM do full term neonates have? - ANS-50%
What % REM do adults 20-69 have? - ANS-25%
How much sleep does N1 encompass? - ANS-5-10%
Very light sleep
How much sleep does N2/N3 encompass? - ANS-65-70%
What phase of sleep are sleep spindles present in? - ANS-Mostly N2
Very small amount present in N3
Where do sleep spindles originate? - ANS-Thalamus
UPDATE
In Van Heasendonck's 2015 systematic review of oral appliance health benefits, mean
disease alleviation was calculated using the following:
A. An embedded microsensor
B. A highly compliant patient population
C. Patient's diaries of hours of nightly device use
D. Patient's attestations to hours of nightly device use - ANS-A. An embedded
microsensor
Caffeine promotes wakefulness by suppressing or blocking:
A. Thyroid stimulating hormone
B. Growth hormone
C. Orexin
D. Adenosine - ANS-D. Adenosine
A study design where one or more population samples are followed prospectively to
determine which participant's exposure characteristics (risk factors) are associated with
a disease or outcome is called a:
A. Randomized control trial
B. Non-randomized control trial
C. Cohort study
D. Case control study - ANS-C. Cohort study
In an experiment where participants are randomly assigned, one group receives the
drug or procedure, a placebo group's treatment is disguised to resemble the drug or
procedure being investigated and a control group receives nothing. Members of each
group are prevented from knowing whether they are receiving active therapy. This
would be called a:
A. Randomized control trial
B. Cohort study
C. Randomized case report
D. Blinded triple trial - ANS-A. Randomized control trial
,The masseter muscle originates at:
A. The temporal fossa
B. The zygomatic arch
C. The mylohyoid ridge
D. The coronoid process - ANS-B. The zygomatic arch
In Sheats et. al., a morning occlusal guide is a common side effect management
modality. Which of the following is CORRECT?
A. A MOG encompasses many custom made appliances and pre-fabricated devices
used in an effort to reposition the mandible into its habitual pre-treatment position B.
A MOG has a very specific design as established by the AADSM consensus
committee on side effects
C. A morning occlusal guide was shown to stretch the lateral pterygoid muscle to full
functional length with EMG studies
D. Use of an MOG assures the patient that there will be no bite changes as a result
of use of an oral appliance - ANS-A. A MOG encompasses many custom made
appliances and pre-fabricated devices used in an effort to reposition the mandible into
its habitual pre-treatment position
All of the following exacerbate sleep disordered breathing, EXCEPT:
A. Use of stimulants within 1 hr of bedtime
B. Consumption of a heavy meal within 1 hr of bedtime
C. Use of melatonin within 1 hr of sleep onset
D. Use of alcohol, especially as a means to induce sleep - ANS-C. Use of melatonin
within 1 hr of sleep onset
A patient presents to consult with you regarding oral appliance therapy for their
moderate OSA. They report intermittent "jaw pain" for the past 6 weeks. You should
explain that:
A. It is best to postpone treatment until the pain has resolved
B. An oral appliance is contraindicated for a patient that has active TMD
C. A comprehensive oral-facial evaluation is necessary to ID the source of their jaw pain
before considering or proceeding with oral appliance therapy
D. An oral appliance will improve their jaw pain if the source of the pain is muscular, and
not originating from the TMJ - ANS-C. A comprehensive oral-facial evaluation is
necessary to ID the source of their jaw pain before considering or proceeding with
oral appliance therapy
The most recent research points to the primary etiology of sleep bruxism as:
,A. Nicotine, ethanol, recreational drug or caffeine use
B. Peripheral triggers such as occlusal discrepancies
C. Central factors such as stress and psychosocial influences
D. The result of a combination of environmental, biological, and psycho-social
influences - ANS-D. The result of a combination of environmental, biological, and
psycho-social influences
According to Caples, et al, risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events is
significantly increased in patients with:
A. Mild OSA
B. Severe OSA
C. Severe OSA on CPAP therapy
D. Both A and B - ANS-B. Severe OSA
In sleep, heart rate... - ANS-Slows 10-15 BPM
In sleep, breathing... - ANS-slows
In sleep, muscles - ANS-relax
In sleep, BP - ANS-Decreases (morning dip)
In sleep, body temperature... - ANS-Decreases, then begins to rise just before morning
wakeup time
Which neurons are sleep promoting? - ANS-- Ventrolateral Preoptic System (VLPO)
- Median Preoptic Nuclei (MNPO)
Loss of which neurons promotes profound insomnia and sleep fragmentation? - ANS-
VLPO
What does the flip flop switch refer to? - ANS-Mutual inhibition of sleep and wake
promoting neurons triggered by changes in drive for sleep or circadian altering signal
When do the deepest stages of sleep occur? - ANS-20 minutes after sleep onset
What is referred to as the circadian pacemaker? - ANS-SCN (Suprachiasmatic nuclei of
anterior hypothalamus)
What does the SCN promote? - ANS-Wakefulness, and maintains sleep after sleep
, drive dissipates in the 2nd half of the jight
Where is melatonin released? - ANS-Pineal gland
Regulated by SCN
Is melatonin necessary for sleep? - ANS-No, but helps synchronize circadian rhythms
What causes sleep drive to buildup throughout the day? - ANS-Buildup of adenosine
Induces sleep by inhibiting wake promoting neurons
What neurotransmitter does caffeine inhibit? - ANS-Adenosine
Promotes wakefulness
What are some characteristics of REM? - ANS-- Increased brain wave activity
- Eyes move back and forth rapidly
- Atonic muscles
- Dreaming
- High cholinergic, low adrenergic state
When is REM more prominent? - ANS-Second half of the night - and episodes lengthen
throughout the night
What % REM do premature infants have? - ANS-80%
What % REM do full term neonates have? - ANS-50%
What % REM do adults 20-69 have? - ANS-25%
How much sleep does N1 encompass? - ANS-5-10%
Very light sleep
How much sleep does N2/N3 encompass? - ANS-65-70%
What phase of sleep are sleep spindles present in? - ANS-Mostly N2
Very small amount present in N3
Where do sleep spindles originate? - ANS-Thalamus
