Advanced Pathophysiology Final Study Guide Final Chapter 13-22

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL STUDY GUIDE FINAL CHAPTER 13-22-1. Epiglottitis- is inflammation of the epiglottis—the flap at the base of the tongue that keeps food from going into the trachea (windpipe). Symptoms are usually rapid in onset and include trouble swallowing which can result in drooling, changes to the voice, fever, and an increased breathing rate. ( common in children 3-7yrs) • Etiology: bacterial infection of the epiglottis. caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B with immunization this is no longer the case. • Signs and Symptoms: fever, throat pain, difficulty in swallowing, drooling, hoarseness of voice, and stridor. Onset is typically over a day. 2. Influenza (Flu)- is a viral infection that attacks your respiratory system — your nose, throat and lungs. • Etiology: travel through the air in droplets when someone with the infection coughs, sneezes or talks. Type A the most prevalent pathogen preventing effective immune. • Signs and Symptoms: Fever over 100.4 F (38 C), Aching muscles, Chills and sweats, Headache, Dry, persistent cough, Fatigue and weakness, Nasal congestion, Sore throat 3. RSV Bronchiolitis- is the major cause of infections of the breathing passages and lungs in infants and young children. • Etiology: occurs when a virus infects the bronchioles, which are the smallest airways in your lungs. The infection makes the bronchioles swell and become inflamed. Mucus collects in these airways, which makes it difficult for air to flow freely in and out of the lungs. • Signs and Symptoms: Runny nose, Stuffy nose, Cough, Slight fever (not always present) 4. Pnuemonia- is an infection in the lungs that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. • Etiology: The most common are bacteria and viruses in the air we breathe • Signs and Symptoms: Chest pain when you breathe or cough, Confusion or, changes in mental awareness (in adults age 65 and older), Cough, which may produce phlegm, Fatigue, Fever, sweating and shaking chills. 5. Emphysema- is a lung condition that causes SOB. In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged. • Etiology: Tobacco smoke,Marijuana smoke, Air pollution, Chemical fumes and dust • Signs and Symptoms: SOB, Chapter 13. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS 6. Cystic Fibrosis- is an inherited disease characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus that can damage many of the body's organs. • Etiology: A defect in the CFTR gene causes cystic fibrosis (CF). This gene makes a protein that controls the movement of salt and water in and out of your body's cells. autosomal recessive pattern. • Signs and Symptoms: salty skin 7. Chronic Bronchitis- acute or chronic is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from your lungs. People who have bronchitis often cough up thickened mucus, which can be discolored. • Etiology: caused by viruses, history of cigarette smoking or living in an urban or industrial area. typically the same viruses that cause colds and flu (influenza). • Signs and Symptoms: Cough, Production of mucus (sputum), Fatigue SOB. 8. TB- is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects your lungs. Spread by droplet when a person sneezes or coughs. • Etiology: is caused by bacteria that spread from person to person through microscopic droplets released into the air. untreated, active form of tuberculosis coughs, speaks, sneezes, spits, laughs or sing can be transmitted. • Signs and Symptoms: Coughing up blood Chest pain, or pain with breathing or coughing, Unintentional weight loss, Fatigue, Fever