7/14/26, 1:22 PM Biol 235 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet
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BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Exam bank BIO 235 - Midterm 2 Bio 235 Midterm 1
185 terms 749 terms 834 terms
canuckgirl Preview Denise_Dutrisac Preview JessLeg9898
Terms in this set (831)
metabolism sum of al chemical processes
catabolism that break down molecules, releasing energy.
anabolism the process of building up larger molecules from smaller
ones.
3 things that effect growth in the body size 1. increase in the size of existing cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells
differentiation unspecialized cells becomes specialized
reproduction is the formation of new cells 1. tissue growth, repair or replacement
for? (2) 2. production of a new individual
fluid within the cells intracellular fluid
fluid outside the cells extracellular fluid
ECF that fills narrow space between cells of interstitial fluid
tissues
what is the monitored variable called in a controlled condition
feedback loop
what is the stimulus any disruption that changes a controlled condition
what's the receptor body structure monitoring the changes of a controlled
condition and sends inputs
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,7/14/26, 1:22 PM Biol 235 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet
what is an afferent pathway-input flows towards the control center (nerve impulse or chemical
signal)
what is the control center sets the range of values within which a controlled condition
should be maintained; evaluates the input it receives from
receptors and generates output commands when they are
needed
efferent pathway flow away from control center to effector
effector body structure receiving output and brings about change and
produces a response that alters the controlled condition
negative feedback system reverses a change in a controlled condition
positive feedback loop strengthens or reinforces a change in the controlled condition
until its interrupted-effector produces a response that
reinforces the initial change-child birth
disorder abnormality of a structure or function
disease illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and
symptoms
symptom subjective changes not visible to the observer
sign objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
prone body is lying face down
supine body is lying face up
ipsilateral same side
contralateral different sides
superficial towards the surface of the skin
deep away from surface of the skin
sagittal plane divides the body into left and right
Midsagittal (median) plane divides into equal left and right sides
parasagittal plane unequal sides left and right
fronta (coronal plane) divides front and back (anterior/posterior)
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,7/14/26, 1:22 PM Biol 235 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet
transverse plane superior and inferior top and bottom (horizontal plane cross-
sectional)
oblique plane anything but 90 degrees
cranial cavity contains head
Vertebral (spine) cavity contains spinal cord and vertebral column-continuous of the
cranial cavity
Meninges layers of protective tissue surround the brain and spinal cord
thoracic cavity chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and a thoracic
portion of the vertebral column
pericardial cavity surrounds the heart
pleura cavity surrounds lungs
visceral layer of cavity inner layer
parietal layer of cavity outer layer
mediastinum cavity between the lugs extending from the sternum to the vertebral
column and first rib down to the diaphragm-heart, thymus,
esophagus, trachea, and BV's but not the lungs
diaphragm dome muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity from the diaphragm to the groin
abdominal cavity-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small
intestine, and large intestine
pelvic cavity-urinary bladder, parts of the large intestine, and
internal organs of the reproductive system
viscera organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
major elements of body mass nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
lesser elements 8 Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chlorine,
Magnesium, Iron
what are the three subatomic particles neutrons, protons, electrons
nucleus core of an atom
proton positively charged (in nucleus)
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, 7/14/26, 1:22 PM Biol 235 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet
neutron neutral no charge (in nucleus)
electrons negatively charged in a cloud around the nucleus
number of protons =? number of electrons
atomic number is what number of protons/electrons
mass number sum of protons and neutrons
isotopes Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of
neutrons
radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) An isotope of an atom that spontaneously emits one or more
types of radioactivity into stable configuration
half-life the time it takes radioactive isotope to decay into half
atomic mass/weight average of the natural occurring isotopes
ion has a positive or negative charge because it has unequal
number of protons and electrons
ionization the process of giving up or gaining an electron to become
stable
molecule when two or more atoms share an electron
compound substance made up of two or more different elements
free radicals atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell making
it unstable-become stable by gaining or losing from another
element (this breaks apart important elements) UV rays, x-rays
ionic bond force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
cation positively charged ion-loses an electron
anion negatively charged ion-gains an electron
electrolyte an ionic compound that breaks apart into positive or negative
ions in a solution
covalent bond two more more atoms share electrons
non-polar equal sharing of electrons
polar sharing of electrons is unequal
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Biol 235 Midterm 1 Save Add to calendar
Leave the first rating
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Study guides
BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Exam bank BIO 235 - Midterm 2 Bio 235 Midterm 1
185 terms 749 terms 834 terms
canuckgirl Preview Denise_Dutrisac Preview JessLeg9898
Terms in this set (831)
metabolism sum of al chemical processes
catabolism that break down molecules, releasing energy.
anabolism the process of building up larger molecules from smaller
ones.
3 things that effect growth in the body size 1. increase in the size of existing cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells
differentiation unspecialized cells becomes specialized
reproduction is the formation of new cells 1. tissue growth, repair or replacement
for? (2) 2. production of a new individual
fluid within the cells intracellular fluid
fluid outside the cells extracellular fluid
ECF that fills narrow space between cells of interstitial fluid
tissues
what is the monitored variable called in a controlled condition
feedback loop
what is the stimulus any disruption that changes a controlled condition
what's the receptor body structure monitoring the changes of a controlled
condition and sends inputs
https://quizlet.com/ca/1143359718/biol-235-midterm-1-flash-cards/ 1/58
,7/14/26, 1:22 PM Biol 235 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet
what is an afferent pathway-input flows towards the control center (nerve impulse or chemical
signal)
what is the control center sets the range of values within which a controlled condition
should be maintained; evaluates the input it receives from
receptors and generates output commands when they are
needed
efferent pathway flow away from control center to effector
effector body structure receiving output and brings about change and
produces a response that alters the controlled condition
negative feedback system reverses a change in a controlled condition
positive feedback loop strengthens or reinforces a change in the controlled condition
until its interrupted-effector produces a response that
reinforces the initial change-child birth
disorder abnormality of a structure or function
disease illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and
symptoms
symptom subjective changes not visible to the observer
sign objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
prone body is lying face down
supine body is lying face up
ipsilateral same side
contralateral different sides
superficial towards the surface of the skin
deep away from surface of the skin
sagittal plane divides the body into left and right
Midsagittal (median) plane divides into equal left and right sides
parasagittal plane unequal sides left and right
fronta (coronal plane) divides front and back (anterior/posterior)
https://quizlet.com/ca/1143359718/biol-235-midterm-1-flash-cards/ 2/58
,7/14/26, 1:22 PM Biol 235 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet
transverse plane superior and inferior top and bottom (horizontal plane cross-
sectional)
oblique plane anything but 90 degrees
cranial cavity contains head
Vertebral (spine) cavity contains spinal cord and vertebral column-continuous of the
cranial cavity
Meninges layers of protective tissue surround the brain and spinal cord
thoracic cavity chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and a thoracic
portion of the vertebral column
pericardial cavity surrounds the heart
pleura cavity surrounds lungs
visceral layer of cavity inner layer
parietal layer of cavity outer layer
mediastinum cavity between the lugs extending from the sternum to the vertebral
column and first rib down to the diaphragm-heart, thymus,
esophagus, trachea, and BV's but not the lungs
diaphragm dome muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity from the diaphragm to the groin
abdominal cavity-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small
intestine, and large intestine
pelvic cavity-urinary bladder, parts of the large intestine, and
internal organs of the reproductive system
viscera organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
major elements of body mass nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
lesser elements 8 Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chlorine,
Magnesium, Iron
what are the three subatomic particles neutrons, protons, electrons
nucleus core of an atom
proton positively charged (in nucleus)
https://quizlet.com/ca/1143359718/biol-235-midterm-1-flash-cards/ 3/58
, 7/14/26, 1:22 PM Biol 235 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet
neutron neutral no charge (in nucleus)
electrons negatively charged in a cloud around the nucleus
number of protons =? number of electrons
atomic number is what number of protons/electrons
mass number sum of protons and neutrons
isotopes Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of
neutrons
radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) An isotope of an atom that spontaneously emits one or more
types of radioactivity into stable configuration
half-life the time it takes radioactive isotope to decay into half
atomic mass/weight average of the natural occurring isotopes
ion has a positive or negative charge because it has unequal
number of protons and electrons
ionization the process of giving up or gaining an electron to become
stable
molecule when two or more atoms share an electron
compound substance made up of two or more different elements
free radicals atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell making
it unstable-become stable by gaining or losing from another
element (this breaks apart important elements) UV rays, x-rays
ionic bond force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
cation positively charged ion-loses an electron
anion negatively charged ion-gains an electron
electrolyte an ionic compound that breaks apart into positive or negative
ions in a solution
covalent bond two more more atoms share electrons
non-polar equal sharing of electrons
polar sharing of electrons is unequal
https://quizlet.com/ca/1143359718/biol-235-midterm-1-flash-cards/ 4/58
