PNB 2265 Exam II Questions and Answers
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
What is an articulation? An articulation is the meeting place of
two or more bones.
The type of tissues that connecting the
bones together with determine the
functions of the joint (freely movable?)
and the structural classification of that
joint.
Range of motion: refers to the normal extent of mobility for
a specific joint movement
degrees of freedom the number of axes at which movement in
a joint occurs
Biaxial joint If you have two axes of rotation, two
planes of movement, two degrees of
freedom is called biaxial joint you can
combine to make a fifth movement called
circumduction.
,Relationship between mobility The nature of the tissue connecting bones
and stability in a joint will determine that bones
function and whether its freely movable,
slightly moveable or not movable at all.
For example, the shoulder is the most
frequently injured joint.
It is structurally most unstable joint in the
whole body.
What are the classifications by fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
structural categories?
What are the classifications by syntharthrosis: immovable
function categories? amphiarthrosis: slightly moveable
diarthrosis: freely movable
Classifications by function and That is within the first two structural
structure categories classes, fibers and cartilaginous, we have
relationship examples of different functional classes
that is both slightly movable and
immovable joints.
However, all synovial joints are
considered to be diarthrosis, freely
movable.
Anatomical position standing, arms by sides, palms forward
Flexion: bending a joint, decreasing the angle
between bones and bringing moving
segment closer to the other bone
fingers, elbow, knee
"forward flexion"
, Extension straightens the joint, increasing the angle
between bones
abduction movement away from midlinead
Circumduction It is a combined movement of flexion,
extension, abduction and adduction.
Any joint such as the wrist capable of the
two movement pairs (either both flexion +
extension or adduction + abduction) can
perform the movement of circumduction.
Rotation - occurs on the longitudinal axis of a
moving part
- head on the neck
- intervetebral discs of spine
- possible ball and socket joints ( hip and
shoulder)
Supination and Pronation: S: You can see this if you stand in
anatomical position, and then flex or
bend elbow to 90 degrees and then
rotate your palms up.
R: rotate it palms down
Inversion and Eversion - occur at the joints between tarsals joints
in foot
I: rocking food inward
E: rocking foot outward
Opposition Pinch any finger to the thumb
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
What is an articulation? An articulation is the meeting place of
two or more bones.
The type of tissues that connecting the
bones together with determine the
functions of the joint (freely movable?)
and the structural classification of that
joint.
Range of motion: refers to the normal extent of mobility for
a specific joint movement
degrees of freedom the number of axes at which movement in
a joint occurs
Biaxial joint If you have two axes of rotation, two
planes of movement, two degrees of
freedom is called biaxial joint you can
combine to make a fifth movement called
circumduction.
,Relationship between mobility The nature of the tissue connecting bones
and stability in a joint will determine that bones
function and whether its freely movable,
slightly moveable or not movable at all.
For example, the shoulder is the most
frequently injured joint.
It is structurally most unstable joint in the
whole body.
What are the classifications by fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
structural categories?
What are the classifications by syntharthrosis: immovable
function categories? amphiarthrosis: slightly moveable
diarthrosis: freely movable
Classifications by function and That is within the first two structural
structure categories classes, fibers and cartilaginous, we have
relationship examples of different functional classes
that is both slightly movable and
immovable joints.
However, all synovial joints are
considered to be diarthrosis, freely
movable.
Anatomical position standing, arms by sides, palms forward
Flexion: bending a joint, decreasing the angle
between bones and bringing moving
segment closer to the other bone
fingers, elbow, knee
"forward flexion"
, Extension straightens the joint, increasing the angle
between bones
abduction movement away from midlinead
Circumduction It is a combined movement of flexion,
extension, abduction and adduction.
Any joint such as the wrist capable of the
two movement pairs (either both flexion +
extension or adduction + abduction) can
perform the movement of circumduction.
Rotation - occurs on the longitudinal axis of a
moving part
- head on the neck
- intervetebral discs of spine
- possible ball and socket joints ( hip and
shoulder)
Supination and Pronation: S: You can see this if you stand in
anatomical position, and then flex or
bend elbow to 90 degrees and then
rotate your palms up.
R: rotate it palms down
Inversion and Eversion - occur at the joints between tarsals joints
in foot
I: rocking food inward
E: rocking foot outward
Opposition Pinch any finger to the thumb
