Unit 1 - Microbiology Lecture - BIOL
200 – KU EXAM-GRADED A
What is the earliest recorded documentation of humans using fermentation? -
ANSWER-7000 BC
Who is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)? (2 things) - ANSWER-1. First to
observe microbes
2. Created the first microscope
What is Lous Pasteur responsible for? - ANSWER-Used the swan neck flask to
disprove the theory of spontaneous generation. Also developed pasteurization and
vaccines for the treatment of diseases
Who created the phylogenic tree of life? - ANSWER-Carl Woese and George Fox
What is the phylogenic tree of life? - ANSWER-Genetic based tree based on similarities
and differences observed in gene coding for small subunit ribosomal RNA or different
organisms
What are the two discoveries produced by the phylogenic tree of life - ANSWER-1.
Archaea
2. Bactria, eukaryotes and archaea all evolved from a common ancestral cell type
What is horizontal gene transfer? - ANSWER-when a gene of one species is absorbed
into another organisms genome
What is the downside of horizontal gene transfer? - ANSWER-makes it difficult to
determine how organisms are evolutionarily related
How big must a microbe be to be seen by the naked eye? - ANSWER-Must measure
100 micrometers
all microbes have different: (3 things) - ANSWER-1. Structures
2. Habitat
3. Metabolism
What types of microbes are prokaryotes? - ANSWER-1. bacteria
2. archaea
what types of microbes are eukaryotes? - ANSWER-eukarya
,What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? - ANSWER-Prokaryotes
lack a nucleus and eukaryotes have a nucleus
What type of microorganism doesn't fall into any of the three domains? (the domains are
bacteria, archaea, eukarya) - ANSWER-Viruses
Are most bacteria...?
1. harmless
2. helpful
3. pathogens - ANSWER-1. Harmless
2. Helpful
What are the three general shapes of bacteria? - ANSWER-1. Spherical (coccus)
2. Rod-shapped (bacillus)
3. Curved (spirillum, spirochete, vibrio)
Where does archaea live? - ANSWER-extreme environments
Are archaea...?
1. Harmless
2. Helpful
3. Pathogens - ANSWER-Harmless
What are four exapmples of eukaryotes? - ANSWER-1. protists
2. fungi
3. plants
4. animals
Define acellular - ANSWER-not composed of cells
Identify an acellular organism - ANSWER-a virus
Define microbes - ANSWER-small organisms
Define pasteurization - ANSWER-process to kill microorganisms responsible for
spoilage
Who is Robert Koch and what did he do? - ANSWER-First to demonstrate the
connection between a single isolated microbe and a known human disease
define microscope - ANSWER-instrument that produces magnified images of
microorganisms, human cells, tissues, and many other types of specimens to small to
be observed with the naked eye
What does a virus contain? - ANSWER-A protein coat and nucleic acid (DNA or RNA).
, A virus is ________ outside a host organism - ANSWER-inert
What domain of life has the least amount of research done on it?
1. Eukarya
2. Archaea
3. Bacteria - ANSWER-2. Archaea
What % of cells in/on your body are human cells? - ANSWER-25%
Microbes are outnumbered by viruses __:__? - ANSWER-5:1
How many pounds of microbes exist on you? - ANSWER-2.5 lbs
What volume of microbes exist on you? - ANSWER-3 lbs n volume
Where do we get our microbes from? (6 places) - ANSWER-1. birth canal
2. skin of mom
3. breast milk
4. soil, water
5. people, pets, plants
6. new, diverse foods
How many different species were found in the phylogenic tree of life? - ANSWER-800
different species found
How often do microbes on your body change? - ANSWER-All the time. Can change
during the time of day, during different types of weather, etc
Microbes are ___________, like a ____________ - ANSWER-Unique; fingerprint
95% of your microbiological bacteria is located where? - ANSWER-In the large intestine
What 7 things should you remember about children and microbes? - ANSWER-1. Early
exposure is vital to survival!
2. Breast feeding transfers good microbes
3. Exposure to animals is good!
4. Dirt can build the immune system, and generally has more good microbes than bad
5. Be wary of antibiotics as it can kill good and bad bacteria
6. Feed kids good food!
7. Stick to regular hand soap. Don't use antibacterial soap or sanitizers
Blue light has a ______ wavelength - ANSWER-low
Red light has a _______ wavelength - ANSWER-high
200 – KU EXAM-GRADED A
What is the earliest recorded documentation of humans using fermentation? -
ANSWER-7000 BC
Who is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)? (2 things) - ANSWER-1. First to
observe microbes
2. Created the first microscope
What is Lous Pasteur responsible for? - ANSWER-Used the swan neck flask to
disprove the theory of spontaneous generation. Also developed pasteurization and
vaccines for the treatment of diseases
Who created the phylogenic tree of life? - ANSWER-Carl Woese and George Fox
What is the phylogenic tree of life? - ANSWER-Genetic based tree based on similarities
and differences observed in gene coding for small subunit ribosomal RNA or different
organisms
What are the two discoveries produced by the phylogenic tree of life - ANSWER-1.
Archaea
2. Bactria, eukaryotes and archaea all evolved from a common ancestral cell type
What is horizontal gene transfer? - ANSWER-when a gene of one species is absorbed
into another organisms genome
What is the downside of horizontal gene transfer? - ANSWER-makes it difficult to
determine how organisms are evolutionarily related
How big must a microbe be to be seen by the naked eye? - ANSWER-Must measure
100 micrometers
all microbes have different: (3 things) - ANSWER-1. Structures
2. Habitat
3. Metabolism
What types of microbes are prokaryotes? - ANSWER-1. bacteria
2. archaea
what types of microbes are eukaryotes? - ANSWER-eukarya
,What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? - ANSWER-Prokaryotes
lack a nucleus and eukaryotes have a nucleus
What type of microorganism doesn't fall into any of the three domains? (the domains are
bacteria, archaea, eukarya) - ANSWER-Viruses
Are most bacteria...?
1. harmless
2. helpful
3. pathogens - ANSWER-1. Harmless
2. Helpful
What are the three general shapes of bacteria? - ANSWER-1. Spherical (coccus)
2. Rod-shapped (bacillus)
3. Curved (spirillum, spirochete, vibrio)
Where does archaea live? - ANSWER-extreme environments
Are archaea...?
1. Harmless
2. Helpful
3. Pathogens - ANSWER-Harmless
What are four exapmples of eukaryotes? - ANSWER-1. protists
2. fungi
3. plants
4. animals
Define acellular - ANSWER-not composed of cells
Identify an acellular organism - ANSWER-a virus
Define microbes - ANSWER-small organisms
Define pasteurization - ANSWER-process to kill microorganisms responsible for
spoilage
Who is Robert Koch and what did he do? - ANSWER-First to demonstrate the
connection between a single isolated microbe and a known human disease
define microscope - ANSWER-instrument that produces magnified images of
microorganisms, human cells, tissues, and many other types of specimens to small to
be observed with the naked eye
What does a virus contain? - ANSWER-A protein coat and nucleic acid (DNA or RNA).
, A virus is ________ outside a host organism - ANSWER-inert
What domain of life has the least amount of research done on it?
1. Eukarya
2. Archaea
3. Bacteria - ANSWER-2. Archaea
What % of cells in/on your body are human cells? - ANSWER-25%
Microbes are outnumbered by viruses __:__? - ANSWER-5:1
How many pounds of microbes exist on you? - ANSWER-2.5 lbs
What volume of microbes exist on you? - ANSWER-3 lbs n volume
Where do we get our microbes from? (6 places) - ANSWER-1. birth canal
2. skin of mom
3. breast milk
4. soil, water
5. people, pets, plants
6. new, diverse foods
How many different species were found in the phylogenic tree of life? - ANSWER-800
different species found
How often do microbes on your body change? - ANSWER-All the time. Can change
during the time of day, during different types of weather, etc
Microbes are ___________, like a ____________ - ANSWER-Unique; fingerprint
95% of your microbiological bacteria is located where? - ANSWER-In the large intestine
What 7 things should you remember about children and microbes? - ANSWER-1. Early
exposure is vital to survival!
2. Breast feeding transfers good microbes
3. Exposure to animals is good!
4. Dirt can build the immune system, and generally has more good microbes than bad
5. Be wary of antibiotics as it can kill good and bad bacteria
6. Feed kids good food!
7. Stick to regular hand soap. Don't use antibacterial soap or sanitizers
Blue light has a ______ wavelength - ANSWER-low
Red light has a _______ wavelength - ANSWER-high
