BIO 311 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | BIOLOGY EXAM PREP & STUDY
GUIDE 2026/2027
common characteristics of model organisms - ANS ✔✔-short generation time
-production of numerous progeny
-carry out controlled genetic crosses
-numerous genetic variants
DNA +histones - ANS ✔✔chromatin
haploid - ANS ✔✔cell that contains 1 copy of every chromosome
N=2
diploid - ANS ✔✔cell that contains 2 copies of every chromosome
2N=4
which phases make up interphase - ANS ✔✔G1, S, G2
mitosis (definition) - ANS ✔✔separation of sister chromatids into different cells
cytokinesis - ANS ✔✔division of cytoplasm/physical serparation of cells
mitosis phases in order - ANS ✔✔interphase
prophase
, prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
prophase - ANS ✔✔-chromosomes condense
-centromeres form the mitotic spindle and move into position on opposite sides of the cell
-sister chromatids are held together by cohesion at the centromere
-each chromosome possesses 3 chromatids
prometaphase - ANS ✔✔-nuclear membrane breaks down
-spindle microtubules attach to chromatids
metaphase - ANS ✔✔-chromosomes line up at metaphase place
-chromosomes are maximally condensed at this stage
anaphase - ANS ✔✔-sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles (this is done
by the protein seperase)
telophase - ANS ✔✔-chromosomes arrive at spindle poles
-nuclear membrane reforms
-chromosomes go back to relaxed state
mitosis produces ______ cells that are genetically ______ to each other and the cell that gave
rise to them - ANS ✔✔2;identical
GUIDE 2026/2027
common characteristics of model organisms - ANS ✔✔-short generation time
-production of numerous progeny
-carry out controlled genetic crosses
-numerous genetic variants
DNA +histones - ANS ✔✔chromatin
haploid - ANS ✔✔cell that contains 1 copy of every chromosome
N=2
diploid - ANS ✔✔cell that contains 2 copies of every chromosome
2N=4
which phases make up interphase - ANS ✔✔G1, S, G2
mitosis (definition) - ANS ✔✔separation of sister chromatids into different cells
cytokinesis - ANS ✔✔division of cytoplasm/physical serparation of cells
mitosis phases in order - ANS ✔✔interphase
prophase
, prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
prophase - ANS ✔✔-chromosomes condense
-centromeres form the mitotic spindle and move into position on opposite sides of the cell
-sister chromatids are held together by cohesion at the centromere
-each chromosome possesses 3 chromatids
prometaphase - ANS ✔✔-nuclear membrane breaks down
-spindle microtubules attach to chromatids
metaphase - ANS ✔✔-chromosomes line up at metaphase place
-chromosomes are maximally condensed at this stage
anaphase - ANS ✔✔-sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles (this is done
by the protein seperase)
telophase - ANS ✔✔-chromosomes arrive at spindle poles
-nuclear membrane reforms
-chromosomes go back to relaxed state
mitosis produces ______ cells that are genetically ______ to each other and the cell that gave
rise to them - ANS ✔✔2;identical
