NSG 4100 Prep Questions and Answers | 2026
Update | 100% Correct.
when the heart contracts to pump blood out(depolarization)
systole
the heart relaxes after contraction(repolarization)
Diastole
volume of blood ejected duringventricular contraction
Stroke volume
amount of blood the heartpumps from each ventricle per minutemeasured in liters per
minute
Cardiac output
amount of ventricular stretch at the end ofdiastole.
-initial stretching of the ventricles prior tocontraction.
-the heart loading up for the next big squeeze of the ventricles during systole.
Preload
YOU CAN GIVE FLUIDS TO INCREASE THIS
(systemic vascular resistance (SVR):amount of resistance the heart must overcome toopen
the aortic valve and push the blood volumeout into the systemic circulation.
,Afterload
VASOCONSTRICTION can increase this
Measurement of the vena cava or rightatrium and reflects the filling pressure ofthe right
ventricle (preload)
right arterial pressure
Central Venous Pressure
• CVP > 6 mm Hg indicates an elevated rightventricular preload. (Hypervolemic)
• CVP < 2 mm Hg indicates reduced right ventricular preload (hypovolemic)
Central Venous Pressure
- Used to obtain direct and continuous BP measurements
- Frequent ABG measurements and blood samples.
Arterial Blood Pressure
Assess left ventricular function:
- Right atrial pressure
- Pulmonary artery pressure
- Pulmonary artery wedge pressure
Pulmonary Artery Pressure
What do you not infuse into the monitoring systems?
Dextrose
, Bathing with monitoring systems
- Do not submerge the catheter site in water
- Showering is permitted if the catheter andrelated tubing are placed in an impermeablecover.
• Abnormal fast heart rate of more than 100beats per minute:
.- Compensatory response to increased demandfor cardiac output or reduced stroke
volume.
- Sympathetic activation
- Decreased parasympathetic activity
Greater than 100 but less than 120 BPM
Sinus Tachycardia
What is a complication of the monitoring
Pneumothorax
Infection
air embolism
Cause of Sinus Tachycardia
• Fever
• Hyperthyroidism
• Pain
• Increased metabolism
Update | 100% Correct.
when the heart contracts to pump blood out(depolarization)
systole
the heart relaxes after contraction(repolarization)
Diastole
volume of blood ejected duringventricular contraction
Stroke volume
amount of blood the heartpumps from each ventricle per minutemeasured in liters per
minute
Cardiac output
amount of ventricular stretch at the end ofdiastole.
-initial stretching of the ventricles prior tocontraction.
-the heart loading up for the next big squeeze of the ventricles during systole.
Preload
YOU CAN GIVE FLUIDS TO INCREASE THIS
(systemic vascular resistance (SVR):amount of resistance the heart must overcome toopen
the aortic valve and push the blood volumeout into the systemic circulation.
,Afterload
VASOCONSTRICTION can increase this
Measurement of the vena cava or rightatrium and reflects the filling pressure ofthe right
ventricle (preload)
right arterial pressure
Central Venous Pressure
• CVP > 6 mm Hg indicates an elevated rightventricular preload. (Hypervolemic)
• CVP < 2 mm Hg indicates reduced right ventricular preload (hypovolemic)
Central Venous Pressure
- Used to obtain direct and continuous BP measurements
- Frequent ABG measurements and blood samples.
Arterial Blood Pressure
Assess left ventricular function:
- Right atrial pressure
- Pulmonary artery pressure
- Pulmonary artery wedge pressure
Pulmonary Artery Pressure
What do you not infuse into the monitoring systems?
Dextrose
, Bathing with monitoring systems
- Do not submerge the catheter site in water
- Showering is permitted if the catheter andrelated tubing are placed in an impermeablecover.
• Abnormal fast heart rate of more than 100beats per minute:
.- Compensatory response to increased demandfor cardiac output or reduced stroke
volume.
- Sympathetic activation
- Decreased parasympathetic activity
Greater than 100 but less than 120 BPM
Sinus Tachycardia
What is a complication of the monitoring
Pneumothorax
Infection
air embolism
Cause of Sinus Tachycardia
• Fever
• Hyperthyroidism
• Pain
• Increased metabolism
