BIO 1322 Prep–Questions and Answers | 2026
Update | 100% Correct.
Energy Balance
the relation between intake of food and output of work that is positive when the body stores extra
food as fats and negative when the body draws on stored fat to provide energy for work.
Positive Energy Balance
The intake of calories is more than the output (workout) Weight increases
Negative Energy Balance
The intake of calories is less than the output (workout) Weight Decreases
What is the difference between Basal Metabolic rate and Resting metabolic rate?
-Basal: 12 hours fast & rest
-Resting: only 4 hours fast and a rest of only 15-30 minutes.
Factors that influence Metabolism
Body surface area ( weight,height), lean body mass,gender,body temperature, thyroid hormone,
nervous system activity, age, calories intake, pregnancy, use of caffeine and tobacco
BMI : Body Mass Index
Underweight: <18.5
Healthy Weight: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25-29.9
,Obese: 30-39.9
Severely Obsese:>40
What is the best method to determine body fat percentage? What is the principle used in
water weighing?
-Underwater weighing; very accurate, fat is less dense than lean tissue, fat floats,
-Obesity
Women > 35% fat
Men > 24%
Body Fat Distribution: Upper- Body Obesity
-Apple Shape, android obesity
-Associated with cardiovascular disease, HTN, type 2 diabetes, tester one and excessive alcohol.
-Waist measurement of >40" for men
-waist measurement of >35" for women
Body Fat Distribution: Lower-Body obesity
-Pear shape, ginned obesity
-Encouraged by estrogen and progesterone
-After menopause, upper- body obesity more common
-Fewer health risk than lower-body obesity
Direct Calorimetry
Measures heat output
expensive and complex
, Indirect Calorimetry
-Measures the amount of oxygen consumed.
-Oxygen consumed is related to energy expended.
Set Point Theory
-Weight is regulated by the body
-Genetically predetermined weight
-Body resists weight change
-Reduction in calorie intake results in lower metabolic rate
-Ability to shift the set point weight?
Opponent of Set Point Theory
-Weight does not remain constant
-Different environments can alter weight
-People settle into a particular weight based on current circumstances
Obesity and Nuture Debate
-Environmental factors influence weight
-Learned eating habits
-Activity factor ( or lack of)
-Poverty and obesity
-Female obesity is rooted in childhood obesity
-Male obesity appears after age 30
Nature and Nurture
Update | 100% Correct.
Energy Balance
the relation between intake of food and output of work that is positive when the body stores extra
food as fats and negative when the body draws on stored fat to provide energy for work.
Positive Energy Balance
The intake of calories is more than the output (workout) Weight increases
Negative Energy Balance
The intake of calories is less than the output (workout) Weight Decreases
What is the difference between Basal Metabolic rate and Resting metabolic rate?
-Basal: 12 hours fast & rest
-Resting: only 4 hours fast and a rest of only 15-30 minutes.
Factors that influence Metabolism
Body surface area ( weight,height), lean body mass,gender,body temperature, thyroid hormone,
nervous system activity, age, calories intake, pregnancy, use of caffeine and tobacco
BMI : Body Mass Index
Underweight: <18.5
Healthy Weight: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25-29.9
,Obese: 30-39.9
Severely Obsese:>40
What is the best method to determine body fat percentage? What is the principle used in
water weighing?
-Underwater weighing; very accurate, fat is less dense than lean tissue, fat floats,
-Obesity
Women > 35% fat
Men > 24%
Body Fat Distribution: Upper- Body Obesity
-Apple Shape, android obesity
-Associated with cardiovascular disease, HTN, type 2 diabetes, tester one and excessive alcohol.
-Waist measurement of >40" for men
-waist measurement of >35" for women
Body Fat Distribution: Lower-Body obesity
-Pear shape, ginned obesity
-Encouraged by estrogen and progesterone
-After menopause, upper- body obesity more common
-Fewer health risk than lower-body obesity
Direct Calorimetry
Measures heat output
expensive and complex
, Indirect Calorimetry
-Measures the amount of oxygen consumed.
-Oxygen consumed is related to energy expended.
Set Point Theory
-Weight is regulated by the body
-Genetically predetermined weight
-Body resists weight change
-Reduction in calorie intake results in lower metabolic rate
-Ability to shift the set point weight?
Opponent of Set Point Theory
-Weight does not remain constant
-Different environments can alter weight
-People settle into a particular weight based on current circumstances
Obesity and Nuture Debate
-Environmental factors influence weight
-Learned eating habits
-Activity factor ( or lack of)
-Poverty and obesity
-Female obesity is rooted in childhood obesity
-Male obesity appears after age 30
Nature and Nurture
