NUR 128 Onco slides Exam Questions and
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
Carcinogenesis, Carcinogens *process by which normal cells are
transformed
into cancer cells
*Substances known to increase the risk for
the
development of cancer. Various factors are
possible origins of cancer.
Risk factors Smoking: 87% of lung CA. Dietary habits:
colon,
rectum, and breast
Radiation:basal & squamous cell skin.
Environmental carcinogens.
Smokeless tobacco: mouth to esophagus.
ETOH:
mouth to liver.
Genetic susceptibility 90% of CA NOT inherited. breast/ovarian,
lung:
Family Hx.
leukemia: identical twin. Neuroblastoma:
among
siblings
Colon cancer: hx of breast cancer.
Cancer's seven warning signs: "C" Changes in bowel/bladder habits
, Cancer's seven warning signs: "A" A sore that doesn't heal
Cancer's seven warning signs: "U" Unusual bleeding or discharge
Cancer's seven warning signs: "T" Thickening or lump
Cancer's seven warning signs: "I" Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Cancer's seven warning signs: "O" Obvious changes in warts/moles
Cancer's seven warning signs: "N" Nagging cough or hoarseness
cellular patho normal v cancer Normal:When destroyed, cells of same
type
reproduce until correct number replenished
Cancer: Instead of limiting growth to meet
specific
needs, they continue to reproduce in a
disorderly
and unrestricted manner
Neoplasm Uncontrolled or abnormal growth of cells
Benign not recurrent or progressive; nonmalignant
Malignant growing worse and resisting treatment;
cancerous
growths; tumors
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
Carcinogenesis, Carcinogens *process by which normal cells are
transformed
into cancer cells
*Substances known to increase the risk for
the
development of cancer. Various factors are
possible origins of cancer.
Risk factors Smoking: 87% of lung CA. Dietary habits:
colon,
rectum, and breast
Radiation:basal & squamous cell skin.
Environmental carcinogens.
Smokeless tobacco: mouth to esophagus.
ETOH:
mouth to liver.
Genetic susceptibility 90% of CA NOT inherited. breast/ovarian,
lung:
Family Hx.
leukemia: identical twin. Neuroblastoma:
among
siblings
Colon cancer: hx of breast cancer.
Cancer's seven warning signs: "C" Changes in bowel/bladder habits
, Cancer's seven warning signs: "A" A sore that doesn't heal
Cancer's seven warning signs: "U" Unusual bleeding or discharge
Cancer's seven warning signs: "T" Thickening or lump
Cancer's seven warning signs: "I" Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Cancer's seven warning signs: "O" Obvious changes in warts/moles
Cancer's seven warning signs: "N" Nagging cough or hoarseness
cellular patho normal v cancer Normal:When destroyed, cells of same
type
reproduce until correct number replenished
Cancer: Instead of limiting growth to meet
specific
needs, they continue to reproduce in a
disorderly
and unrestricted manner
Neoplasm Uncontrolled or abnormal growth of cells
Benign not recurrent or progressive; nonmalignant
Malignant growing worse and resisting treatment;
cancerous
growths; tumors
