NSCA CSCS EXAM CHAPTERS 1 & 2
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Function of skeletal system - Correct Answers -Leverage, support, protection
Pulled on by muscles to allow the body to push or pull against external objects
axial vs appendicular skeleton - Correct Answers -skull, vertebral column (c1- coccyx),
ribcage, sternum
vs.
shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, bones of the arms, wrists, hands, bones of ankles, legs,
and feet
Joint - Correct Answers -Junctions of bones
fibrous joints - Correct Answers -Allow virtually no movement
Ex: Sutures of the skull
Cartilaginous joints - Correct Answers -Allow limited movement
Ex: Intervertebral
Synovial joints - Correct Answers -Allow considerable movement (most sport and
exercise movements occur mainly about the synovial joint
Ex: Elbow, knee, glenohumeral
anatomy of synovial joint - Correct Answers -Bone ends covered with smooth hyaline
cartilage; joint is enclosed in a capsule filled with synovial fluid; usually with additional
ligament and cartilage
Uniaxial Joint - Correct Answers -Operate as a hinge, rotate about one
axis; elbow
biaxial joint - Correct Answers -operate in two perpendicular axes (ankle and wrist)
Multiaxial - Correct Answers -Allow movement in all three axes (shoulder/hip)
vertebral column - Correct Answers -Vertebral bones separated by flexible disks that
allow for movement
- cervical vertebrae (neck region): 7
- thoracic vertebrae (upper back): 12
, - lumbar vertebrae (lower back): 5
- sacral vertebrae (make up rear of pelvis): 5
- Coccygeal vertebrae (form vestigial tail extending down from the pelvis): 3-5
Macrostructure and microstructure - Correct Answers -- Each skeletal muscle is an
organ that contains muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels.
- Fibrous connective tissue, or epimysium, covers the body's skeletal muscles
Epymisium - Correct Answers -Outer layer over muscles, is contiguous with the tendons
at the ends of muscle
Tendon - Correct Answers -attached to bone periosteum
Bone periosteum - Correct Answers -a specialized connective tissue covering all bones
Proximal attachment of limb muscles are: - Correct Answers -Closer to the trunk
Distal attachment of limb muscles are: - Correct Answers -Farther from the trunk
Superior attachments of trunk muscles are: - Correct Answers -superior/ closer to the
head
Type 1 Muscle fiber - Correct Answers -slow twitch;develop force and relax slowly; long
twitch time
Type 2A - Correct Answers -Fast twitch; MOST resistant to fatigue due to more
capillaries surrounding them
Type 2x - Correct Answers -fast glycolytic; less aerobic oxydative energy supply;
highest power output
Trunk muscles attachments that are inferior are: - Correct Answers -closer to the feet
Muscle fibers - Correct Answers -muscle cells; cylindrical cells, multi nuclei, striated
appearance
epimysium, perimysium, endomysium - Correct Answers -
Perimysium - Correct Answers -surrounds fascicles
Endomysium - Correct Answers -Surrounds individual muscle fibers
motor unit - Correct Answers -A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates;
Typically several hundred muscle fibers in a unit
Sarcolemma - Correct Answers -Muscle fibers membrane; surrounds endomysium
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Function of skeletal system - Correct Answers -Leverage, support, protection
Pulled on by muscles to allow the body to push or pull against external objects
axial vs appendicular skeleton - Correct Answers -skull, vertebral column (c1- coccyx),
ribcage, sternum
vs.
shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, bones of the arms, wrists, hands, bones of ankles, legs,
and feet
Joint - Correct Answers -Junctions of bones
fibrous joints - Correct Answers -Allow virtually no movement
Ex: Sutures of the skull
Cartilaginous joints - Correct Answers -Allow limited movement
Ex: Intervertebral
Synovial joints - Correct Answers -Allow considerable movement (most sport and
exercise movements occur mainly about the synovial joint
Ex: Elbow, knee, glenohumeral
anatomy of synovial joint - Correct Answers -Bone ends covered with smooth hyaline
cartilage; joint is enclosed in a capsule filled with synovial fluid; usually with additional
ligament and cartilage
Uniaxial Joint - Correct Answers -Operate as a hinge, rotate about one
axis; elbow
biaxial joint - Correct Answers -operate in two perpendicular axes (ankle and wrist)
Multiaxial - Correct Answers -Allow movement in all three axes (shoulder/hip)
vertebral column - Correct Answers -Vertebral bones separated by flexible disks that
allow for movement
- cervical vertebrae (neck region): 7
- thoracic vertebrae (upper back): 12
, - lumbar vertebrae (lower back): 5
- sacral vertebrae (make up rear of pelvis): 5
- Coccygeal vertebrae (form vestigial tail extending down from the pelvis): 3-5
Macrostructure and microstructure - Correct Answers -- Each skeletal muscle is an
organ that contains muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels.
- Fibrous connective tissue, or epimysium, covers the body's skeletal muscles
Epymisium - Correct Answers -Outer layer over muscles, is contiguous with the tendons
at the ends of muscle
Tendon - Correct Answers -attached to bone periosteum
Bone periosteum - Correct Answers -a specialized connective tissue covering all bones
Proximal attachment of limb muscles are: - Correct Answers -Closer to the trunk
Distal attachment of limb muscles are: - Correct Answers -Farther from the trunk
Superior attachments of trunk muscles are: - Correct Answers -superior/ closer to the
head
Type 1 Muscle fiber - Correct Answers -slow twitch;develop force and relax slowly; long
twitch time
Type 2A - Correct Answers -Fast twitch; MOST resistant to fatigue due to more
capillaries surrounding them
Type 2x - Correct Answers -fast glycolytic; less aerobic oxydative energy supply;
highest power output
Trunk muscles attachments that are inferior are: - Correct Answers -closer to the feet
Muscle fibers - Correct Answers -muscle cells; cylindrical cells, multi nuclei, striated
appearance
epimysium, perimysium, endomysium - Correct Answers -
Perimysium - Correct Answers -surrounds fascicles
Endomysium - Correct Answers -Surrounds individual muscle fibers
motor unit - Correct Answers -A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates;
Typically several hundred muscle fibers in a unit
Sarcolemma - Correct Answers -Muscle fibers membrane; surrounds endomysium
