ESS 101: MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS
Match=the=magma=type=with=the=appropriate=tectonic=setting=where=it=likely=forms:=Icel
and=-=ans-✔✔basalt
Match=the=magma=type=with=the=appropriate=tectonic=setting=where=it=likely=forms:=Sie
rra=Nevada=Batholith=-=ans-✔✔granite
Match=the=magma=type=with=the=appropriate=tectonic=setting=where=it=likely=forms:=Phil
lipine=Islands=-=ans-✔✔andesite
The=Columbia=Plateau=is=composed=of=rock=rich=in=-=ans-✔✔basalt
The=melting=temperature=of=granitic=magma=(wet=melt)=-=ans-
✔✔increases=as=pressure=is=reduced=(as=it=rises)
A=partial=melt=of=the=asthenosphere=will=not=rise=toward=the=surface=because=-=ans-
✔✔the=above=question=is=incorrect=because=an=asthenospheric=melt=will=rise=towards=
the=surface
How=do=we=know=that=Earth=was=created=from=the=debris=of=a=previous=star=system?
=-=ans-
✔✔Dense=elements=exist=that=could=only=have=been=formed=through=a=Supernova=ev
ent
Steps=of=the=Nebular=Hypothesis=-=ans-✔✔-
=Supernova=and=formation=of=primordial=dust=cloud
-=condensation=of=primordial=dust.=Forms=disk-shaped=nebular=cloud=rotating=counter-
clockwise
-=Proto=sun=and=planets=begin=to=form
-=Accretion=of=planetesimals=and=differentiation=of=planets=and=moons
, -=Existing=solar=system=takes=shape
Evidence=to=support=the=nebular=hypothesis=-=ans-✔✔-
=planets=and=moons=revolve=in=a=counter-clockwise=direction=(v.=random)
-=Planetary=orbits=are=aligned=along=the=sun's=equatorial=plane=(v.=random)
-=Observations=from=Hubble=and=radio=astronomy
Characteristics=of=Terrestrial=Planets=-=ans-✔✔-=Close=to=the=sun,=dense
-=Small,=rocky=(silicate=minerals,=metallic=cores)
Characteristics=of=Jovian=Planets=-=ans-✔✔-=Far=from=the=sun,=low=density
-=Large,=gaseous=(hydrogen,=methane)
Can=you=explain=why=the=earth=and=terrestrial=planets=have=so=little=molecular=hydrog
en=comprising=their=respective=atmospheres;=yet=the=primarodial=dust=cloud=was=mostl
y=comprised=of=hydrogen=gas?=-=ans-✔✔-=Key=word:=heat.
-
=Jovian=planets=are=located=far=enough=away=from=the=sun=that=molecular=hydrogen=i
s=cool=and=dense=enough=to=remain=in=their=atmosphere
-
=Terrestrial=planets=are=close=enough=to=the=sun=that=molecular=hydrogen=would=be=to
o=heated,=not=dense=enough=to=remain=in=the=atmosphere
What's=the=inner=and=outer=core=of=the=earth=made=of?=-=ans-✔✔Iron-Nickel=Core
Inner=core=in=which=phase?=-=ans-✔✔solid
Outer=core=in=which=phase?=-=ans-✔✔liquid
What's=the=mantle=made=of?=-=ans-✔✔Fe-Mg=Silicate
What's=the=crust=made=of?=-=ans-✔✔Fe-Mg-Al=Silicate
Differentiated=earth=order=(starting=from=center)=-=ans-✔✔-=Iron-Nickel=Core
-=Fe-Mg=Silicate=Mantle
-=Fe-Mg-Al=Silicate=Crust=(ocean=and=continental)
-=Oceans
-=Atmosphere
QUESTIONS
Match=the=magma=type=with=the=appropriate=tectonic=setting=where=it=likely=forms:=Icel
and=-=ans-✔✔basalt
Match=the=magma=type=with=the=appropriate=tectonic=setting=where=it=likely=forms:=Sie
rra=Nevada=Batholith=-=ans-✔✔granite
Match=the=magma=type=with=the=appropriate=tectonic=setting=where=it=likely=forms:=Phil
lipine=Islands=-=ans-✔✔andesite
The=Columbia=Plateau=is=composed=of=rock=rich=in=-=ans-✔✔basalt
The=melting=temperature=of=granitic=magma=(wet=melt)=-=ans-
✔✔increases=as=pressure=is=reduced=(as=it=rises)
A=partial=melt=of=the=asthenosphere=will=not=rise=toward=the=surface=because=-=ans-
✔✔the=above=question=is=incorrect=because=an=asthenospheric=melt=will=rise=towards=
the=surface
How=do=we=know=that=Earth=was=created=from=the=debris=of=a=previous=star=system?
=-=ans-
✔✔Dense=elements=exist=that=could=only=have=been=formed=through=a=Supernova=ev
ent
Steps=of=the=Nebular=Hypothesis=-=ans-✔✔-
=Supernova=and=formation=of=primordial=dust=cloud
-=condensation=of=primordial=dust.=Forms=disk-shaped=nebular=cloud=rotating=counter-
clockwise
-=Proto=sun=and=planets=begin=to=form
-=Accretion=of=planetesimals=and=differentiation=of=planets=and=moons
, -=Existing=solar=system=takes=shape
Evidence=to=support=the=nebular=hypothesis=-=ans-✔✔-
=planets=and=moons=revolve=in=a=counter-clockwise=direction=(v.=random)
-=Planetary=orbits=are=aligned=along=the=sun's=equatorial=plane=(v.=random)
-=Observations=from=Hubble=and=radio=astronomy
Characteristics=of=Terrestrial=Planets=-=ans-✔✔-=Close=to=the=sun,=dense
-=Small,=rocky=(silicate=minerals,=metallic=cores)
Characteristics=of=Jovian=Planets=-=ans-✔✔-=Far=from=the=sun,=low=density
-=Large,=gaseous=(hydrogen,=methane)
Can=you=explain=why=the=earth=and=terrestrial=planets=have=so=little=molecular=hydrog
en=comprising=their=respective=atmospheres;=yet=the=primarodial=dust=cloud=was=mostl
y=comprised=of=hydrogen=gas?=-=ans-✔✔-=Key=word:=heat.
-
=Jovian=planets=are=located=far=enough=away=from=the=sun=that=molecular=hydrogen=i
s=cool=and=dense=enough=to=remain=in=their=atmosphere
-
=Terrestrial=planets=are=close=enough=to=the=sun=that=molecular=hydrogen=would=be=to
o=heated,=not=dense=enough=to=remain=in=the=atmosphere
What's=the=inner=and=outer=core=of=the=earth=made=of?=-=ans-✔✔Iron-Nickel=Core
Inner=core=in=which=phase?=-=ans-✔✔solid
Outer=core=in=which=phase?=-=ans-✔✔liquid
What's=the=mantle=made=of?=-=ans-✔✔Fe-Mg=Silicate
What's=the=crust=made=of?=-=ans-✔✔Fe-Mg-Al=Silicate
Differentiated=earth=order=(starting=from=center)=-=ans-✔✔-=Iron-Nickel=Core
-=Fe-Mg=Silicate=Mantle
-=Fe-Mg-Al=Silicate=Crust=(ocean=and=continental)
-=Oceans
-=Atmosphere
