, TESTBANK FOR Juvenile Justice Fifth Edition Elrod
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The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
Quizzes, Midterm and final exams are included (if available in the original resources).
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
⚠️Note on Answer Keys: If the answer key is not included within the chapter
questions, you will find the complete answers and solutions at the end of each
chapter.
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,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
CHAPTER 1—The Context of Juvenile Justice
Multiple Choice
1. Inflammatory rhetoric by some politicians and members of the public about juvenile crime is
harmful because it:
A. does not contribute to our understanding of juvenile crime.
B. results in the negative labeling of youths.
C. does not lead to the development of more effective responses to delinquency.
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Introduction, p. 3
2. Which of the following is a potential problem associated with labeling?
A. Labeling can change how youths see themselves.
B. Labeling can influence how others see a youth.
C. Labeling can lead to delinquent behavior.
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Introduction, p. 5
3. Comparative juvenile justice involves:
A. any effort to compare the behaviors of juvenile offenders.
B. an investigative technique designed to identify juvenile offenders.
C. efforts to compare juvenile justice history and practices in different cultures.
D. the examination of juvenile laws and practices in more than one jurisdiction.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Introduction, p. 5
4. The term “delinquency” includes:
A. criminal law violations.
B. status offense violations.
C. any behavior prohibited by the juvenile code.
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Defining Delinquency, p. 6
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
5. Behaviors prohibited only for minors are called:
A. delinquent acts.
B. criminal offenses.
C. status offenses.
D. capital crimes.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 6
6. Status offenses include:
A. parking tickets.
B. running away from home.
C. murder.
D. shoplifting.
Ans: B
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 6
7. Which of the following is true of delinquency?
A. Only about 10% of adolescents engage in delinquency.
B. About one-third of youths engage in delinquent behavior
C. A majority of youths engage in some form of delinquency.
D. Approximately 25% of persons younger than age 18 engage in criminal behavior.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, pp.6-7
8. In his classic study of delinquency, “The Saints and the Roughnecks,” William Chambliss
found that the Roughnecks were more likely to have difficulties with the authorities because:
A. they engaged in far more delinquency than the Saints.
B. they had less money to bribe officials.
C. they were perceived by authorities as problem youths.
D. they lacked access to attorneys.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 9
9. Involvement in the juvenile justice process is associated with which of the following?
A. Reduced likelihood of graduating from high school
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
B. Diminished economic opportunities
C. Increased likelihood of involvement in crime in young adulthood
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Defining Delinquency, p. 10
10. The upper age for juvenile court jurisdiction in most states is:
A. 15.
B. 16.
C. 17.
D. 21.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p. 14
11. The lower age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction means:
A. children below that age cannot be charged for criminal offenses.
B. children at that age are automatically treated as adults.
C. children below that age are not recognized as legal persons.
D. None of these is correct.
Ans: A
Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p. 15
12. The idea that some children are not capable of criminal intent or malice is embodied in the
concept of:
A. parens patriae.
B. doli incapax.
C. cognitive dissonance.
D. dolce vita.
Ans: B
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p. 15
13. The process by which juveniles are transferred to adult court for trial is called:
A: transfer.
B: waiver.
C: remand.
D: All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice , p. 16
14. Which of the following is a problem with setting a legal age for criminal responsibility?
A. It fails to consider the development and maturity of the youth.
B. Youths today are more mature than they were in the past; thus, the age range is too high.
C. Too many people are considered juveniles with the current age ranges.
D. Most psychologists recognize that youths understand what they are doing by age 14.
Ans: A
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, pp. 16-18
15. ACEs are important because they:
A. can influence how youth understand their world.
B. can influence how youth behave.
C. can influence later life outcomes.
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p.18
16. Research on adolescent neurological development indicates that, typically, human brains:
A. experience little change after age 14.
B. undergo significant reorganization through age 25.
C. change very little after age 18.
D. undergo significant change through age 35.
Ans: B
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p. 18
17. Research on youth development indicates that youth are more likely to:
A. overemphasize the risk associated with behaviors.
B. be unaware of the risks and rewards associated with behaviors.
C. overvalue the rewards and underestimate the risks associated with behaviors.
D. not think when acting.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p. 19
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
18. Youths who have experience childhood trauma often exhibit which of the following
symptoms?
A. Hypervigilance
B. Self-harming behaviors such as cutting
C. Depression
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p. 20.
19. The daily practice of juvenile justice:
A. is uniform across the nation.
B. differs from community to community.
C. is uniform through each state.
D. is uniform for all socioeconomic classes.
Ans: B
Sec/Page: The juvenile justice system, pp. 22-25
20. The variability in juvenile justice practice across jurisdictions is affected by:
A. social and political environments.
B. discretion on the part of officials.
C. variation in laws.
D. All of these are correct.
Answer: D
Sec/Page: The juvenile justice system, pp. 22-25
21. According to the text, the idea that juvenile justice decision makers have different ideas
about why youths commit delinquency and what should be done about it is called:
A. a perceptual bias.
B. an institutional bias.
C. a juvenile justice ideology.
D. discretion.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: The juvenile justice system, pp. 23-24
22. Since their inception, juvenile courts have attempted to treat offenders using a(n)
__________ approach.
A. individualized
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
B. collective
C. uniform
D. standard
Answer: A
Sec/Page: The juvenile justice system, pp. 24-25
23. Conflict can arise among agencies within the juvenile justice system because of:
A. political pressure from the governor.
B. differences in agency roles and responsibilities.
C. racism.
D. apathy about juvenile crime.
Ans: B
Sec/Page: The juvenile justice system, p. 25
24. In the 1950s, concern about juvenile delinquency was spawned by:
A. movies about young rebels.
B. a wave of violent crime by youth.
C. highly publicized school shootings.
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: A
Sec/Page: Public perceptions, p. 26
25. In the past, public concern over juvenile crime has led to:
A. rioting.
B. attempts to censor movies and comic books.
C. the development of policies designed to address delinquency.
D. both attempts to censor movies and comic books and the development of policies designed to
address delinquency.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Public perceptions, pp. 26-28
26. Public concern over juvenile delinquency in recent years has resulted in:
A. more compassion for juveniles.
B. deinstitutionalization of juvenile offenders.
C. “get tough” policies designed to crack down on juvenile offenders.
D. None of these is correct.
Ans: C
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
Sec/Page: Public perceptions, pp. 26-28
27. Changes in juvenile laws and policies are often based on:
A. politics.
B. accurate data collection.
C. research documenting the most effective responses to delinquency.
D. the needs of local communities.
Ans: A
Sec/Page: Public perceptions, pp. 26-27
28. Which of the following social institutions exerts social control over youth?
A. Schools
B. Families
C. Both schools and families
D. None of these is correct.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Juvenile justice as an institutions of social control, p. 29
29. Which of the following happens when groups of people are given power over other groups?
A. Those in subordinate positions almost always benefit
B. Those with power are always harmed
C. Those in weaker positions gain power
D. Those with less power are often harmed
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Juvenile justice as an institutions of social control, p. 29
True/False
30. Most Americans lack a good understanding of the operation and effectiveness of juvenile
justice.
Ans: True
Sec/Page: Introduction, p. 2
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
, Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
31. Labeling youths is an effective response because it encourages them to change their behavior.
Ans: False
Sec/Page: Introduction, p.3; Defining delinquency, pp. 8-11
32. Ultimately, juvenile justice consists of a number of decision-making stages where authorities
make determinations about how youths should be handled when they are alleged to have broken the
law or when they have been found guilty of some offense.
Ans: True
Sec/Page: Introduction, p. 4
33. Delinquency consists of any youthful behavior that is not approved of by citizens in a
society.
Ans: False
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 6
34. Status offenses are acts that are considered illegal only for children.
Ans: True
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 6
35. Theft by a minor is an example of a status offense.
Ans: False
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 6
36. Using a strict legal definition, most adolescents would be considered delinquents.
Ans: True
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 7
37. Juvenile laws are enforced exactly the same in every community.
Ans: False
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 7
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
Quizzes, Midterm and final exams are included (if available in the original resources).
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
⚠️Note on Answer Keys: If the answer key is not included within the chapter
questions, you will find the complete answers and solutions at the end of each
chapter.
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
CHAPTER 1—The Context of Juvenile Justice
Multiple Choice
1. Inflammatory rhetoric by some politicians and members of the public about juvenile crime is
harmful because it:
A. does not contribute to our understanding of juvenile crime.
B. results in the negative labeling of youths.
C. does not lead to the development of more effective responses to delinquency.
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Introduction, p. 3
2. Which of the following is a potential problem associated with labeling?
A. Labeling can change how youths see themselves.
B. Labeling can influence how others see a youth.
C. Labeling can lead to delinquent behavior.
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Introduction, p. 5
3. Comparative juvenile justice involves:
A. any effort to compare the behaviors of juvenile offenders.
B. an investigative technique designed to identify juvenile offenders.
C. efforts to compare juvenile justice history and practices in different cultures.
D. the examination of juvenile laws and practices in more than one jurisdiction.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Introduction, p. 5
4. The term “delinquency” includes:
A. criminal law violations.
B. status offense violations.
C. any behavior prohibited by the juvenile code.
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Defining Delinquency, p. 6
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
5. Behaviors prohibited only for minors are called:
A. delinquent acts.
B. criminal offenses.
C. status offenses.
D. capital crimes.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 6
6. Status offenses include:
A. parking tickets.
B. running away from home.
C. murder.
D. shoplifting.
Ans: B
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 6
7. Which of the following is true of delinquency?
A. Only about 10% of adolescents engage in delinquency.
B. About one-third of youths engage in delinquent behavior
C. A majority of youths engage in some form of delinquency.
D. Approximately 25% of persons younger than age 18 engage in criminal behavior.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, pp.6-7
8. In his classic study of delinquency, “The Saints and the Roughnecks,” William Chambliss
found that the Roughnecks were more likely to have difficulties with the authorities because:
A. they engaged in far more delinquency than the Saints.
B. they had less money to bribe officials.
C. they were perceived by authorities as problem youths.
D. they lacked access to attorneys.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 9
9. Involvement in the juvenile justice process is associated with which of the following?
A. Reduced likelihood of graduating from high school
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
B. Diminished economic opportunities
C. Increased likelihood of involvement in crime in young adulthood
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Defining Delinquency, p. 10
10. The upper age for juvenile court jurisdiction in most states is:
A. 15.
B. 16.
C. 17.
D. 21.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p. 14
11. The lower age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction means:
A. children below that age cannot be charged for criminal offenses.
B. children at that age are automatically treated as adults.
C. children below that age are not recognized as legal persons.
D. None of these is correct.
Ans: A
Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p. 15
12. The idea that some children are not capable of criminal intent or malice is embodied in the
concept of:
A. parens patriae.
B. doli incapax.
C. cognitive dissonance.
D. dolce vita.
Ans: B
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p. 15
13. The process by which juveniles are transferred to adult court for trial is called:
A: transfer.
B: waiver.
C: remand.
D: All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice , p. 16
14. Which of the following is a problem with setting a legal age for criminal responsibility?
A. It fails to consider the development and maturity of the youth.
B. Youths today are more mature than they were in the past; thus, the age range is too high.
C. Too many people are considered juveniles with the current age ranges.
D. Most psychologists recognize that youths understand what they are doing by age 14.
Ans: A
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, pp. 16-18
15. ACEs are important because they:
A. can influence how youth understand their world.
B. can influence how youth behave.
C. can influence later life outcomes.
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p.18
16. Research on adolescent neurological development indicates that, typically, human brains:
A. experience little change after age 14.
B. undergo significant reorganization through age 25.
C. change very little after age 18.
D. undergo significant change through age 35.
Ans: B
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p. 18
17. Research on youth development indicates that youth are more likely to:
A. overemphasize the risk associated with behaviors.
B. be unaware of the risks and rewards associated with behaviors.
C. overvalue the rewards and underestimate the risks associated with behaviors.
D. not think when acting.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p. 19
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
18. Youths who have experience childhood trauma often exhibit which of the following
symptoms?
A. Hypervigilance
B. Self-harming behaviors such as cutting
C. Depression
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Understanding the clients of juvenile justice, p. 20.
19. The daily practice of juvenile justice:
A. is uniform across the nation.
B. differs from community to community.
C. is uniform through each state.
D. is uniform for all socioeconomic classes.
Ans: B
Sec/Page: The juvenile justice system, pp. 22-25
20. The variability in juvenile justice practice across jurisdictions is affected by:
A. social and political environments.
B. discretion on the part of officials.
C. variation in laws.
D. All of these are correct.
Answer: D
Sec/Page: The juvenile justice system, pp. 22-25
21. According to the text, the idea that juvenile justice decision makers have different ideas
about why youths commit delinquency and what should be done about it is called:
A. a perceptual bias.
B. an institutional bias.
C. a juvenile justice ideology.
D. discretion.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: The juvenile justice system, pp. 23-24
22. Since their inception, juvenile courts have attempted to treat offenders using a(n)
__________ approach.
A. individualized
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
B. collective
C. uniform
D. standard
Answer: A
Sec/Page: The juvenile justice system, pp. 24-25
23. Conflict can arise among agencies within the juvenile justice system because of:
A. political pressure from the governor.
B. differences in agency roles and responsibilities.
C. racism.
D. apathy about juvenile crime.
Ans: B
Sec/Page: The juvenile justice system, p. 25
24. In the 1950s, concern about juvenile delinquency was spawned by:
A. movies about young rebels.
B. a wave of violent crime by youth.
C. highly publicized school shootings.
D. All of these are correct.
Ans: A
Sec/Page: Public perceptions, p. 26
25. In the past, public concern over juvenile crime has led to:
A. rioting.
B. attempts to censor movies and comic books.
C. the development of policies designed to address delinquency.
D. both attempts to censor movies and comic books and the development of policies designed to
address delinquency.
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Public perceptions, pp. 26-28
26. Public concern over juvenile delinquency in recent years has resulted in:
A. more compassion for juveniles.
B. deinstitutionalization of juvenile offenders.
C. “get tough” policies designed to crack down on juvenile offenders.
D. None of these is correct.
Ans: C
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
,Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
Sec/Page: Public perceptions, pp. 26-28
27. Changes in juvenile laws and policies are often based on:
A. politics.
B. accurate data collection.
C. research documenting the most effective responses to delinquency.
D. the needs of local communities.
Ans: A
Sec/Page: Public perceptions, pp. 26-27
28. Which of the following social institutions exerts social control over youth?
A. Schools
B. Families
C. Both schools and families
D. None of these is correct.
Ans: C
Sec/Page: Juvenile justice as an institutions of social control, p. 29
29. Which of the following happens when groups of people are given power over other groups?
A. Those in subordinate positions almost always benefit
B. Those with power are always harmed
C. Those in weaker positions gain power
D. Those with less power are often harmed
Ans: D
Sec/Page: Juvenile justice as an institutions of social control, p. 29
True/False
30. Most Americans lack a good understanding of the operation and effectiveness of juvenile
justice.
Ans: True
Sec/Page: Introduction, p. 2
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
, Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, Fifth Edition
Preston Elrod and Scott R. Ryder
Test Bank
31. Labeling youths is an effective response because it encourages them to change their behavior.
Ans: False
Sec/Page: Introduction, p.3; Defining delinquency, pp. 8-11
32. Ultimately, juvenile justice consists of a number of decision-making stages where authorities
make determinations about how youths should be handled when they are alleged to have broken the
law or when they have been found guilty of some offense.
Ans: True
Sec/Page: Introduction, p. 4
33. Delinquency consists of any youthful behavior that is not approved of by citizens in a
society.
Ans: False
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 6
34. Status offenses are acts that are considered illegal only for children.
Ans: True
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 6
35. Theft by a minor is an example of a status offense.
Ans: False
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 6
36. Using a strict legal definition, most adolescents would be considered delinquents.
Ans: True
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 7
37. Juvenile laws are enforced exactly the same in every community.
Ans: False
Sec/Page: Defining delinquency, p. 7
Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company
