BSC4422: Biotech Exam 3 BSC4422
FIU Questions with Quality Answers
2026 Updated.
Microbial Biotechnology
Define Microbes & Name 4 Types? - Answer Microorganisms are tiny organisms that are too
small to see be seen individually.
Bacteria, fungi, algae, & protozoa
Less than __#__% of all bacterial species have been identified, cultured, and studied.
Bacterial species are estimated to comprise of over __#__% of Earth's biomass. - Answer 1%>
50%<
Define Bioprospecting & 2 Marine Examples? - Answer the discovery & development of new
products from biological resources.
Marine plankton (Plankton) & snails (Gary) = rich sources of antitumor & anticancer molecules.
*Microorganisms as Tools
Microbial Enzymes are used in applications from ______ production
to ____________ biology research. - Answer food
molecular
3 Examples of microorganisms as tools? - Answer 1. Taq DNA Polymerase
-heat stabile, isolated from a thermophile
2. Cellulase
-makes animal food more digestible
-stone washed jeans
3. Subtilisin
-laundry detergents
Define Yeast Two-Hybrid System - Answer technique to detect protein-protein interactions
Yeast Two-Hybrid System determines? - Answer if protein A and protein B interact with each
other
,Yeast Two-Hybrid System
Protein of interest is labeled as ______ and is fused to a DNA binding domain protein (DBD) and
binds to Promoter.
Proteins that bind to the bait (second protein of interest) are called ________ and are fused to
an activation domain protein (AD) and binds to Enhancer.
Any protein that binds to the Bait will activate the transcription of a _______ reporter gene. -
Answer Bait
Fish
HIS
When protein A and B interact, the DBD and AD will be? - Answer brough together
What is the result of an active transcription initiation complex that is made from the Yeast Two-
Hybrid System? - Answer expression of a specific reporter gene (ex: lacZ)
HIS gene allows for synthesis of _____ - Answer amino acid histamine
What is UAS? - Answer Enhancer
Bait plasmid has gene that allows for the synthesis of ___________
Fish plasmid has a gene that allows for the synthesis of ________ - Answer Tryptophan
Leucine
*Video Yeast Two-Hybrid System
Steps -1-3: - Answer 1. Construct a bait plasmid & a library of DNA in the FISH plasmid.
*Each type of plasmid contains a selectable marker (i.e. essential amino acid)
2. Both types of plasmids are transformed into yeast cells
3. Cells are placed in an amino acid deficient medium
, Why are the cells placed in an amino acid deficient medium? - Answer so ONLY the ones that
contain both plasmids will grow.
*Using Microbes for everyday applications
CRISPR stands for - Answer Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
Define palindromic - Answer a word that spells the same thing backward and forward.
Using Microbes for everyday applications:
CRISPR
1. ___________ immune system that provides acquired immunity
2. found in approximately ~______% of sequenced bacterial genomes
3. segments of DNA containing short, repetitive base sequences
4. repeats are palindromic
5. each repetition is followed by a short segment of spacer ______
6. spacer DNA is from previous exposures to foreign DNA
(example: virus or __________)
7. ____ gene are located next to CRISPR sequences
8. cas9 must be complexed with a _______ & a separate trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA or
trRNA) to cleave target DNA - Answer 1. Prokaryotic
2. 50
5. DNA
6. plasmid
7. cas
8. crRNA
CRISPR: Prokaryotic cell
(Powerpoint Slide 292)
cas12 gives _______ ends
FIU Questions with Quality Answers
2026 Updated.
Microbial Biotechnology
Define Microbes & Name 4 Types? - Answer Microorganisms are tiny organisms that are too
small to see be seen individually.
Bacteria, fungi, algae, & protozoa
Less than __#__% of all bacterial species have been identified, cultured, and studied.
Bacterial species are estimated to comprise of over __#__% of Earth's biomass. - Answer 1%>
50%<
Define Bioprospecting & 2 Marine Examples? - Answer the discovery & development of new
products from biological resources.
Marine plankton (Plankton) & snails (Gary) = rich sources of antitumor & anticancer molecules.
*Microorganisms as Tools
Microbial Enzymes are used in applications from ______ production
to ____________ biology research. - Answer food
molecular
3 Examples of microorganisms as tools? - Answer 1. Taq DNA Polymerase
-heat stabile, isolated from a thermophile
2. Cellulase
-makes animal food more digestible
-stone washed jeans
3. Subtilisin
-laundry detergents
Define Yeast Two-Hybrid System - Answer technique to detect protein-protein interactions
Yeast Two-Hybrid System determines? - Answer if protein A and protein B interact with each
other
,Yeast Two-Hybrid System
Protein of interest is labeled as ______ and is fused to a DNA binding domain protein (DBD) and
binds to Promoter.
Proteins that bind to the bait (second protein of interest) are called ________ and are fused to
an activation domain protein (AD) and binds to Enhancer.
Any protein that binds to the Bait will activate the transcription of a _______ reporter gene. -
Answer Bait
Fish
HIS
When protein A and B interact, the DBD and AD will be? - Answer brough together
What is the result of an active transcription initiation complex that is made from the Yeast Two-
Hybrid System? - Answer expression of a specific reporter gene (ex: lacZ)
HIS gene allows for synthesis of _____ - Answer amino acid histamine
What is UAS? - Answer Enhancer
Bait plasmid has gene that allows for the synthesis of ___________
Fish plasmid has a gene that allows for the synthesis of ________ - Answer Tryptophan
Leucine
*Video Yeast Two-Hybrid System
Steps -1-3: - Answer 1. Construct a bait plasmid & a library of DNA in the FISH plasmid.
*Each type of plasmid contains a selectable marker (i.e. essential amino acid)
2. Both types of plasmids are transformed into yeast cells
3. Cells are placed in an amino acid deficient medium
, Why are the cells placed in an amino acid deficient medium? - Answer so ONLY the ones that
contain both plasmids will grow.
*Using Microbes for everyday applications
CRISPR stands for - Answer Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
Define palindromic - Answer a word that spells the same thing backward and forward.
Using Microbes for everyday applications:
CRISPR
1. ___________ immune system that provides acquired immunity
2. found in approximately ~______% of sequenced bacterial genomes
3. segments of DNA containing short, repetitive base sequences
4. repeats are palindromic
5. each repetition is followed by a short segment of spacer ______
6. spacer DNA is from previous exposures to foreign DNA
(example: virus or __________)
7. ____ gene are located next to CRISPR sequences
8. cas9 must be complexed with a _______ & a separate trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA or
trRNA) to cleave target DNA - Answer 1. Prokaryotic
2. 50
5. DNA
6. plasmid
7. cas
8. crRNA
CRISPR: Prokaryotic cell
(Powerpoint Slide 292)
cas12 gives _______ ends
