UTA 5315 EXAM 3 EXAM SCRIPT TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
PRACTICE SOLUTION GRADED A+
⩥ How does edema cause lymphatic channel obstruction?
Answer: Lymphatic channels are blocked because of infection or tumor.
Proteins and fluids are not reabsorbed and accumulate in the interstitial
space, causing lymphedema.
⩥ Hypovolemic hypernatremia
Answer: Occurs as a result of sodium and water loss.
Clinical manifestations: volume depletion, orthostatic hypotension,
hypotension, tachycardia, lack of organ perfusion
⩥ Hypervolemic hypernatremia
Answer: Uncommon, but most common cause is administration of
hypertonic sodium salts.
Infants: erroneous preparation of dietary formula
Outpatient adults: ingestion of salts
Inpatient adults: iatrogenic (hypertonic IV solutions)
⩥ Clinical manifestations of mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia?
, Answer: Mild: anorexia, apathy, restlessness, nausea, lethargy, muscle
cramps
Moderate: agitation, disorientation, headache
Severe: seizures, coma, incontinence, death
⩥ Insulin effects on potassium
Answer: Shifts K+ intracellularly
⩥ Acid base balance effects on potassium
Answer: Alkalosis shifts K+ into cells --> hypokalemia
Acidosis shifts K+ out of cells --> hyperkalemia
⩥ Osmolality and effects on potassium
Answer: Hyperosmolar state causes K+ to shift out of cells -->
hyperkalemia.
Hypoosmolar state causes K+ to shift into cells --> hypokalemia.
⩥ Exercise and effects on potassium
Answer: Depletes ATP --> opens K+ channels --> K+ shifts into ECF -->
hyperkalemia
⩥ What causes hypokalemia?
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
PRACTICE SOLUTION GRADED A+
⩥ How does edema cause lymphatic channel obstruction?
Answer: Lymphatic channels are blocked because of infection or tumor.
Proteins and fluids are not reabsorbed and accumulate in the interstitial
space, causing lymphedema.
⩥ Hypovolemic hypernatremia
Answer: Occurs as a result of sodium and water loss.
Clinical manifestations: volume depletion, orthostatic hypotension,
hypotension, tachycardia, lack of organ perfusion
⩥ Hypervolemic hypernatremia
Answer: Uncommon, but most common cause is administration of
hypertonic sodium salts.
Infants: erroneous preparation of dietary formula
Outpatient adults: ingestion of salts
Inpatient adults: iatrogenic (hypertonic IV solutions)
⩥ Clinical manifestations of mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia?
, Answer: Mild: anorexia, apathy, restlessness, nausea, lethargy, muscle
cramps
Moderate: agitation, disorientation, headache
Severe: seizures, coma, incontinence, death
⩥ Insulin effects on potassium
Answer: Shifts K+ intracellularly
⩥ Acid base balance effects on potassium
Answer: Alkalosis shifts K+ into cells --> hypokalemia
Acidosis shifts K+ out of cells --> hyperkalemia
⩥ Osmolality and effects on potassium
Answer: Hyperosmolar state causes K+ to shift out of cells -->
hyperkalemia.
Hypoosmolar state causes K+ to shift into cells --> hypokalemia.
⩥ Exercise and effects on potassium
Answer: Depletes ATP --> opens K+ channels --> K+ shifts into ECF -->
hyperkalemia
⩥ What causes hypokalemia?
