UTA 5315 EXAM 2 COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION TEST SOLVED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE
REVIEW RESOURCE
⩥ Uncal Herniation.
Answer: Decreased LOC, dilated ipsilateral pupil, then contralateral
pupil, decorticate & decerebrate positioning, Cheyne Stokes respirations
⩥ Cheyne Stokes Respirations.
Answer: Abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively
deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease
that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea. The pattern
repeats, with each cycle usually taking 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
⩥ Decorticate Posturing.
Answer: "Toward the cord"
Looks like patient is in a coffin.
Arms are bent in toward the body and the wrists and fingers are bent and
held on the chest.
⩥ Decerebrate Posturing.
,Answer: Arms and legs are held straight out, the toes are pointed
downward, and the head and neck are arched backward
⩥ Central Herniation.
Answer: Patient will lose consciousness quickly, develop apnea, initially
have small reactive pupils then later pupils dilate, decorticate or
decerebrate posturing
⩥ Transcalvarial Herniation.
Answer: Brain tissue moves through an opening in the skull as a result
of skull fracture or surgical opening
⩥ *Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation*.
Answer: *Most common* type of brain herniation
Patho: Downward movement of the cerebellum through the foramen
magnum
Signs: *Stiff neck, decreased LOC, respiratory abnormalities, pulse
variations*
⩥ CVA, stroke.
, Answer: Interruption of blood supply to brain resulting in hypoxic
cellular injury, which triggers inflammatory process, leading to cerebral
edema, increased ICP, and further compromise of brain perfusion
Risk factors: African American, family history, increased age,
hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, A-Fib,
obesity, sickle cell
⩥ Thrombotic Stroke.
Answer: -Clot forms *inside* brain
-Related to *atherosclerosis*
⩥ Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA).
Answer: -Form of thrombotic stroke
-Clot temporarily blocks the flow of blood then dislodges in time to
reverse cellular injury
-Symptoms don't last longer than 24 hours
-No lasting neurological effects
-*Warning of impending stroke; Most TIA patients will go on to have a
stroke within a year.*
⩥ Embolic Stroke.
Answer: -Occlusion is caused by clot that is formed somewhere else in
the body - usually in the heart
EXAMINATION TEST SOLVED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE
REVIEW RESOURCE
⩥ Uncal Herniation.
Answer: Decreased LOC, dilated ipsilateral pupil, then contralateral
pupil, decorticate & decerebrate positioning, Cheyne Stokes respirations
⩥ Cheyne Stokes Respirations.
Answer: Abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively
deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease
that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea. The pattern
repeats, with each cycle usually taking 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
⩥ Decorticate Posturing.
Answer: "Toward the cord"
Looks like patient is in a coffin.
Arms are bent in toward the body and the wrists and fingers are bent and
held on the chest.
⩥ Decerebrate Posturing.
,Answer: Arms and legs are held straight out, the toes are pointed
downward, and the head and neck are arched backward
⩥ Central Herniation.
Answer: Patient will lose consciousness quickly, develop apnea, initially
have small reactive pupils then later pupils dilate, decorticate or
decerebrate posturing
⩥ Transcalvarial Herniation.
Answer: Brain tissue moves through an opening in the skull as a result
of skull fracture or surgical opening
⩥ *Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation*.
Answer: *Most common* type of brain herniation
Patho: Downward movement of the cerebellum through the foramen
magnum
Signs: *Stiff neck, decreased LOC, respiratory abnormalities, pulse
variations*
⩥ CVA, stroke.
, Answer: Interruption of blood supply to brain resulting in hypoxic
cellular injury, which triggers inflammatory process, leading to cerebral
edema, increased ICP, and further compromise of brain perfusion
Risk factors: African American, family history, increased age,
hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, A-Fib,
obesity, sickle cell
⩥ Thrombotic Stroke.
Answer: -Clot forms *inside* brain
-Related to *atherosclerosis*
⩥ Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA).
Answer: -Form of thrombotic stroke
-Clot temporarily blocks the flow of blood then dislodges in time to
reverse cellular injury
-Symptoms don't last longer than 24 hours
-No lasting neurological effects
-*Warning of impending stroke; Most TIA patients will go on to have a
stroke within a year.*
⩥ Embolic Stroke.
Answer: -Occlusion is caused by clot that is formed somewhere else in
the body - usually in the heart
