NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 questions and answers with solutions
2026
C
Terms in this set (106)
ANSWER
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay)
can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait
until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
ANSWER
Mast cell
Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue
close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory
process.
ANSWER
Histamine
Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases
blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
ANSWER
Cytokines
Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or
adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can
be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly
or be more delayed.
ANSWER
Leukotrines
Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils,
monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
ANSWER
Prostaglandins
Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by
the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet
aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
ANSWER
Chemotactic factors
Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of
inflammation
, ANSWER
Neutrophils
Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of
acute inflammation
ANSWER
Monocytes
Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible
for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell
immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
ANSWER
Cytokine IL1 function
Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also
increases the release of IL6a
ANSWER
Cytokine IL6 function
Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes
growth and stimulation of RBCs
ANSWER
Cytokine TNF function
Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins
by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
ANSWER
Cytokine growth factor function
Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils
ANSWER
Complement
Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased
vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation,
chemotaxis, and opsonization.
ANSWER
Kinin
Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and
vasodilation.
ANSWER
Coagulation cascade
Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin mesh to
stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
ANSWER
COX1
Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte
balance
ANSWER
COX2
Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain,
fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction
development.
ANSWER
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications
Protect gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and bleeding.
Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex.
Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
ANSWER
Arachidonic pathway purpose
Synthesis of prostaglandins
ANSWER
Non-selective NSAIDS
Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric ulceration, GI bleeds,
edema, renal impairment
ANSWER
ASA
2026
C
Terms in this set (106)
ANSWER
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay)
can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait
until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
ANSWER
Mast cell
Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue
close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory
process.
ANSWER
Histamine
Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases
blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
ANSWER
Cytokines
Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or
adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can
be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly
or be more delayed.
ANSWER
Leukotrines
Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils,
monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
ANSWER
Prostaglandins
Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by
the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet
aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
ANSWER
Chemotactic factors
Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of
inflammation
, ANSWER
Neutrophils
Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of
acute inflammation
ANSWER
Monocytes
Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible
for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell
immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
ANSWER
Cytokine IL1 function
Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also
increases the release of IL6a
ANSWER
Cytokine IL6 function
Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes
growth and stimulation of RBCs
ANSWER
Cytokine TNF function
Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins
by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
ANSWER
Cytokine growth factor function
Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils
ANSWER
Complement
Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased
vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation,
chemotaxis, and opsonization.
ANSWER
Kinin
Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and
vasodilation.
ANSWER
Coagulation cascade
Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin mesh to
stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
ANSWER
COX1
Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte
balance
ANSWER
COX2
Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain,
fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction
development.
ANSWER
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications
Protect gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and bleeding.
Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex.
Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
ANSWER
Arachidonic pathway purpose
Synthesis of prostaglandins
ANSWER
Non-selective NSAIDS
Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric ulceration, GI bleeds,
edema, renal impairment
ANSWER
ASA
