NURS 572 Exam 2 Questions & answers Latest
Update 2026.
An increase in free fatty acids (FFAs) in the blood has WHAT EFFECT on the release of
insulin?
An increase in circulating amino acids in the blood has WHAT EFFECT on the release of
insulin?
More FFAs in blood = INCREASED insulin release
More AAs in blood = INCREASED insulin release
Describe the following glucose control mechanisms as INCREASING or DECREASING
INSULIN release/sensitivity:
1. somatostatin
2. growth hormone
3. incretins
4. adiponectin
5. catecholamines (SNS)
6. corticosteroids
7. endocannabinoid system
1. SUPPRESSES BOTH insulin and glucagon release
2. decreases insulin sensitivity
,3. incretins (GLP-1s): increase insulin release
4. adiponectin: increases insulin sensitivity
5. catecholamines: decreases insulin release
6. corticosteroids: decreases insulin sensitivity
7. endocannabinoid receptors: increases food intake
What is the ONLY parenteral antidiabetic agent available for exogenous replacement of
low levels of insulin?
INSULIN
Insulin replacement therapy can be used to treat type 1 diabetics AND type 2 diabetics who
have no response to diet, exercise, and other pharm. agents. T/F?
TRUE; can be used to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, depending on the circumstances
List the parameters for defining hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia...
Hypoglycemia = < X mg/dL
Hyperglycemia = > X mg/dL
,HYPO: <70 mg/dL
HYPER: >100-150 mg/dL
Define the following S/S as related to HYPERglycemia or HYPOglycemia:
CNS:
1. headache, blurred vision, diplopia, drowsiness, coma, ataxia, hyperactive reflexes
2. decreased level of consciousness, sluggishness progressing to coma; hypoactive reflexes
NEUROMUSCULAR:
1. weakness, lethargy
2. paraesthesia, weakness, muscle spasms, twitching progressing to seizures
CV:
1. tachycardia, palpitations, normal to HIGH BP
2. tachycardia, hypotension
, RESPIRATORY:
1. rapid, SHALLOW respirations
2. rapid, DEEP respirations (Kussmaul); acetone-like or fruity breath
GI:
1. nausea, vomiting, thirst
2. hunger, nausea
SKIN:
1. dry, warm, flushed skin, soft eyeballs
2. diaphoresis; cool and clammy skin; normal eyeballs
ONSET:
1. sudden onset: patient appears anxious, drunk
2. gradual onset; patient is slow and sluggish
Update 2026.
An increase in free fatty acids (FFAs) in the blood has WHAT EFFECT on the release of
insulin?
An increase in circulating amino acids in the blood has WHAT EFFECT on the release of
insulin?
More FFAs in blood = INCREASED insulin release
More AAs in blood = INCREASED insulin release
Describe the following glucose control mechanisms as INCREASING or DECREASING
INSULIN release/sensitivity:
1. somatostatin
2. growth hormone
3. incretins
4. adiponectin
5. catecholamines (SNS)
6. corticosteroids
7. endocannabinoid system
1. SUPPRESSES BOTH insulin and glucagon release
2. decreases insulin sensitivity
,3. incretins (GLP-1s): increase insulin release
4. adiponectin: increases insulin sensitivity
5. catecholamines: decreases insulin release
6. corticosteroids: decreases insulin sensitivity
7. endocannabinoid receptors: increases food intake
What is the ONLY parenteral antidiabetic agent available for exogenous replacement of
low levels of insulin?
INSULIN
Insulin replacement therapy can be used to treat type 1 diabetics AND type 2 diabetics who
have no response to diet, exercise, and other pharm. agents. T/F?
TRUE; can be used to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, depending on the circumstances
List the parameters for defining hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia...
Hypoglycemia = < X mg/dL
Hyperglycemia = > X mg/dL
,HYPO: <70 mg/dL
HYPER: >100-150 mg/dL
Define the following S/S as related to HYPERglycemia or HYPOglycemia:
CNS:
1. headache, blurred vision, diplopia, drowsiness, coma, ataxia, hyperactive reflexes
2. decreased level of consciousness, sluggishness progressing to coma; hypoactive reflexes
NEUROMUSCULAR:
1. weakness, lethargy
2. paraesthesia, weakness, muscle spasms, twitching progressing to seizures
CV:
1. tachycardia, palpitations, normal to HIGH BP
2. tachycardia, hypotension
, RESPIRATORY:
1. rapid, SHALLOW respirations
2. rapid, DEEP respirations (Kussmaul); acetone-like or fruity breath
GI:
1. nausea, vomiting, thirst
2. hunger, nausea
SKIN:
1. dry, warm, flushed skin, soft eyeballs
2. diaphoresis; cool and clammy skin; normal eyeballs
ONSET:
1. sudden onset: patient appears anxious, drunk
2. gradual onset; patient is slow and sluggish
