OD 515 Lecture 3 Questions Exam 1 with complete
solutions.
What is the structure of DNA?
A long, ladderlike macromolecule that twists to form a double helix.
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides, which include adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C).
How do the nitrogenous bases in DNA pair?
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).
How does RNA differ from DNA?
RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose, has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), and is
generally single-stranded.
What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds between nucleobases.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA → RNA → Protein.
What are the two main processes involved in protein production in eukaryotic cells?
Transcription (in the nucleus) and Translation (in the cytoplasm).
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
, mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA and serves as a template for assembling proteins
during translation.
What causes sickle-cell anemia?
A mutation in the gene encoding beta-globin, resulting in a single nucleotide change that alters
an amino acid.
What impact can sickle-shaped blood cells have on the body?
They can block blood flow in small blood vessels, leading to reduced RBC count, anemia, severe
pain, and organ damage.
What is the native conformation of a protein?
The specific 3D shape under physiological conditions, crucial for the protein's function.
What stabilizes the folded shape of proteins?
Primarily noncovalent interactions.
What happens to DNA before a cell divides?
DNA replication occurs, where the two original strands separate, each serving as a template for
new complementary strands.
How does DNA ensure continuity of information if a strand is damaged?
The complementary strand can act as a template for repairing the damage.
What are the deoxyribonucleotides that make up DNA polymers?
Deoxyadenylate (A), deoxyguanylate (G), deoxycytidylate (C), and deoxythymidylate (T).
solutions.
What is the structure of DNA?
A long, ladderlike macromolecule that twists to form a double helix.
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides, which include adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C).
How do the nitrogenous bases in DNA pair?
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).
How does RNA differ from DNA?
RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose, has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), and is
generally single-stranded.
What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds between nucleobases.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA → RNA → Protein.
What are the two main processes involved in protein production in eukaryotic cells?
Transcription (in the nucleus) and Translation (in the cytoplasm).
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
, mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA and serves as a template for assembling proteins
during translation.
What causes sickle-cell anemia?
A mutation in the gene encoding beta-globin, resulting in a single nucleotide change that alters
an amino acid.
What impact can sickle-shaped blood cells have on the body?
They can block blood flow in small blood vessels, leading to reduced RBC count, anemia, severe
pain, and organ damage.
What is the native conformation of a protein?
The specific 3D shape under physiological conditions, crucial for the protein's function.
What stabilizes the folded shape of proteins?
Primarily noncovalent interactions.
What happens to DNA before a cell divides?
DNA replication occurs, where the two original strands separate, each serving as a template for
new complementary strands.
How does DNA ensure continuity of information if a strand is damaged?
The complementary strand can act as a template for repairing the damage.
What are the deoxyribonucleotides that make up DNA polymers?
Deoxyadenylate (A), deoxyguanylate (G), deoxycytidylate (C), and deoxythymidylate (T).
