PSYC 1F90 Winter Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Question: Experiential Processing
Correct Answer: Thought that is passive, effortless, and automatic
Question: Reflective Processing
Correct Answer: Thought that is active, effortful and controlled
Question: Reflective Learning
Correct Answer: Deliberately reflective and active self-guided study
Question: Self-reference
Correct Answer: The practice of relating new information to prior life experience
Question: Critical Thinking
Correct Answer: An ability to evaluate, compare, analyze, critique, and synthesize information
Question: PsycINFO
Correct Answer: A searchable online database that provides brief summaries of the scientific and scholarly
literature in psychology
Question: Reflective Listener
Correct Answer: A person who knows how to maintain attention, avoid distractions, and actively gather
information from lectures
Question: Self-Testing
Correct Answer: Evaluating learning by posing questions to yourself
Question: Spaced Practice
Correct Answer: Practice spread over many relatively short study sessions
Question: Massed Practice
Correct Answer: Practice done in a long, uninterrupted study session
Question: Overlearning
Correct Answer: Continuing to study and learn after you think that you've mastered a topic
Question: Uncritical Acceptance
Correct Answer: The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or because it would be nice if they
were true
Question: Confirmation Bias
Correct Answer: the tendency to remember or notice information that fits one's expectations, while
forgetting discrepancies
Question: Superstition
Correct Answer: Unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence
,Question: Pseudoscience
Correct Answer: Unfounded belief system that seems to be based on science
Question: Science
Correct Answer: An objective approach to answering questions that relies on careful observations and
experiments
Question: Psychologist
Correct Answer: A person highly trained in the methods, factual knowledge, and theories of psychology.
Question: Animal Model
Correct Answer: In research, an animal whose behavior is used to derive principles that may apply to
human behavior
Question: Clinical Psychologist
Correct Answer: A psychologist who specializes in the treatment of psychological and behavioral
disturbances or who does research on such disturbances.
Question: Counseling Psychologist
Correct Answer: A psychologist who specializes in the treatment of milder emotional and behavioral
disturbances.
Question: Psychiatrist
Correct Answer: A medical doctor with additional training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and
emotional disorders.
Question: Psychoanalyst
Correct Answer: A mental health professional (usually a medical doctor) trained to practice
psychoanalysis.
Question: Counselor
Correct Answer: A mental health professional who specializes in helping people with problems not
involving serious mental disorder; for example, marriage counselors, career counselors, or school
counselors
Question: Scientific Observation
Correct Answer: an empirical investigation structured to answer questions about the world in a systematic
and intersubjective fashion (ie; observations can be reliably confirmed by multiple observers)
Question: Stimulus
Correct Answer: any physical energy sensed by an organism
Question: Intropsection
Correct Answer: Personal observation of your own thoughts, feelings, and behaviour
Question: Structuralism
Correct Answer: Study of sensations and personal experience analyzed as basic elements
Question: Imageless Thought
,Correct Answer: an old term describing the inability of introspectionists to become subjectively aware of
some mental processes; an early term describing the cognitive unconscious
Question: Cognitive Unconscious
Correct Answer: the part of the mind of which we are subjectively unaware and that is not open to
introspection
Question: Gestalt Psychology
Correct Answer: study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units, not by analysis into parts
Question: Functionalism
Correct Answer: School of psychology that considers behaviours in terms of active adaptations
Question: Natural Selection
Correct Answer: Darwin's theory that evolution favors those plants and animals best suited to their living
conditions
Question: Behaviourism
Correct Answer: school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the study of observable actions over
study of the mindl
Question: Response
Correct Answer: any muscular action, glandular activity, or other identifiable aspect of behaviour
Question: Radical Behaviorism
Correct Answer: A behaviourist approach that rejects both introspection and any study of covert mental
events, such as thinking, as inappropriate topics for scientific psychology
Question: Dynamic Unconscious
Correct Answer: In Freudian theory, the parts of the mind that are beyond awareness, especially conflicts,
impulses, and desires not directly known to a person.
Question: Psychoanalysis
Correct Answer: A Freudian approach to psychotherapy emphasizing the exploration of unconscious
conflicts using free association, dream interpretation, resistances, and transference to uncover unconscious
conflicts
Question: Neo-Freudians
Correct Answer: Psychologists who accept the broad feature
Question: Psychodynamic Theory
Correct Answer: Any theory of behaviour that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscious
forces
Question: Cognitive Psychology
Correct Answer: The study of information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem solving
Question: Operational Definition
, Correct Answer: Defining a scientific concept by stating the specific actions or procedures used to
measure it. For example, hunger might be defined as the number of hours of food deprivation
Question: Determinism
Correct Answer: The idea that all behaviour has prior causes that would completely explain one's choices
and actions of all such causes were known
Question: Free Will
Correct Answer: The ability to freely make choices that are not controlled by genetics, learning, or
unconscious forces; the idea that human beings are capable of making choices or decisions themselves
Question: Humanistic Psychology
Correct Answer: Study of people as inherently good and motivated to learn and improve
Question: Self-actualization
Correct Answer: The process of fully developing personal potentials
Question: Psychology
Correct Answer: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Question: Biopsychosocial Model
Correct Answer: An approach acknowledging that biological, psychological, and social factors interact to
influence human behaviour and mental processes
Question: Biological Persepctive
Correct Answer: The attempt to explain behavior in terms of underlying biological principles.
Question: Evolutionary Psychology
Correct Answer: The approach that emphasizessizes inherited, adaptive aspects of behaviour and mental
process
Question: Neuroscience
Correct Answer: The broader field of biopsychologists and others who study the brain and nervous
system, such as biologists and biochemists.
Question: Psychological Perspective
Correct Answer: The traditional view that behaviour is shaped by psychological processes occurring at the
level of the individual
Question: Social Perspective
Correct Answer: The focus on the importance of social contexts in influencing the behaviour of
individuals
Question: Social Norms
Correct Answer: Rules that define acceptable and expected behaviour for members of a group
Question: Gender Bias in Research
Correct Answer: A tendency for females and female issues to be underrepresented in research,
psychological or otherwise.
CORRECT Answers
Question: Experiential Processing
Correct Answer: Thought that is passive, effortless, and automatic
Question: Reflective Processing
Correct Answer: Thought that is active, effortful and controlled
Question: Reflective Learning
Correct Answer: Deliberately reflective and active self-guided study
Question: Self-reference
Correct Answer: The practice of relating new information to prior life experience
Question: Critical Thinking
Correct Answer: An ability to evaluate, compare, analyze, critique, and synthesize information
Question: PsycINFO
Correct Answer: A searchable online database that provides brief summaries of the scientific and scholarly
literature in psychology
Question: Reflective Listener
Correct Answer: A person who knows how to maintain attention, avoid distractions, and actively gather
information from lectures
Question: Self-Testing
Correct Answer: Evaluating learning by posing questions to yourself
Question: Spaced Practice
Correct Answer: Practice spread over many relatively short study sessions
Question: Massed Practice
Correct Answer: Practice done in a long, uninterrupted study session
Question: Overlearning
Correct Answer: Continuing to study and learn after you think that you've mastered a topic
Question: Uncritical Acceptance
Correct Answer: The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or because it would be nice if they
were true
Question: Confirmation Bias
Correct Answer: the tendency to remember or notice information that fits one's expectations, while
forgetting discrepancies
Question: Superstition
Correct Answer: Unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence
,Question: Pseudoscience
Correct Answer: Unfounded belief system that seems to be based on science
Question: Science
Correct Answer: An objective approach to answering questions that relies on careful observations and
experiments
Question: Psychologist
Correct Answer: A person highly trained in the methods, factual knowledge, and theories of psychology.
Question: Animal Model
Correct Answer: In research, an animal whose behavior is used to derive principles that may apply to
human behavior
Question: Clinical Psychologist
Correct Answer: A psychologist who specializes in the treatment of psychological and behavioral
disturbances or who does research on such disturbances.
Question: Counseling Psychologist
Correct Answer: A psychologist who specializes in the treatment of milder emotional and behavioral
disturbances.
Question: Psychiatrist
Correct Answer: A medical doctor with additional training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and
emotional disorders.
Question: Psychoanalyst
Correct Answer: A mental health professional (usually a medical doctor) trained to practice
psychoanalysis.
Question: Counselor
Correct Answer: A mental health professional who specializes in helping people with problems not
involving serious mental disorder; for example, marriage counselors, career counselors, or school
counselors
Question: Scientific Observation
Correct Answer: an empirical investigation structured to answer questions about the world in a systematic
and intersubjective fashion (ie; observations can be reliably confirmed by multiple observers)
Question: Stimulus
Correct Answer: any physical energy sensed by an organism
Question: Intropsection
Correct Answer: Personal observation of your own thoughts, feelings, and behaviour
Question: Structuralism
Correct Answer: Study of sensations and personal experience analyzed as basic elements
Question: Imageless Thought
,Correct Answer: an old term describing the inability of introspectionists to become subjectively aware of
some mental processes; an early term describing the cognitive unconscious
Question: Cognitive Unconscious
Correct Answer: the part of the mind of which we are subjectively unaware and that is not open to
introspection
Question: Gestalt Psychology
Correct Answer: study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units, not by analysis into parts
Question: Functionalism
Correct Answer: School of psychology that considers behaviours in terms of active adaptations
Question: Natural Selection
Correct Answer: Darwin's theory that evolution favors those plants and animals best suited to their living
conditions
Question: Behaviourism
Correct Answer: school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the study of observable actions over
study of the mindl
Question: Response
Correct Answer: any muscular action, glandular activity, or other identifiable aspect of behaviour
Question: Radical Behaviorism
Correct Answer: A behaviourist approach that rejects both introspection and any study of covert mental
events, such as thinking, as inappropriate topics for scientific psychology
Question: Dynamic Unconscious
Correct Answer: In Freudian theory, the parts of the mind that are beyond awareness, especially conflicts,
impulses, and desires not directly known to a person.
Question: Psychoanalysis
Correct Answer: A Freudian approach to psychotherapy emphasizing the exploration of unconscious
conflicts using free association, dream interpretation, resistances, and transference to uncover unconscious
conflicts
Question: Neo-Freudians
Correct Answer: Psychologists who accept the broad feature
Question: Psychodynamic Theory
Correct Answer: Any theory of behaviour that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscious
forces
Question: Cognitive Psychology
Correct Answer: The study of information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem solving
Question: Operational Definition
, Correct Answer: Defining a scientific concept by stating the specific actions or procedures used to
measure it. For example, hunger might be defined as the number of hours of food deprivation
Question: Determinism
Correct Answer: The idea that all behaviour has prior causes that would completely explain one's choices
and actions of all such causes were known
Question: Free Will
Correct Answer: The ability to freely make choices that are not controlled by genetics, learning, or
unconscious forces; the idea that human beings are capable of making choices or decisions themselves
Question: Humanistic Psychology
Correct Answer: Study of people as inherently good and motivated to learn and improve
Question: Self-actualization
Correct Answer: The process of fully developing personal potentials
Question: Psychology
Correct Answer: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Question: Biopsychosocial Model
Correct Answer: An approach acknowledging that biological, psychological, and social factors interact to
influence human behaviour and mental processes
Question: Biological Persepctive
Correct Answer: The attempt to explain behavior in terms of underlying biological principles.
Question: Evolutionary Psychology
Correct Answer: The approach that emphasizessizes inherited, adaptive aspects of behaviour and mental
process
Question: Neuroscience
Correct Answer: The broader field of biopsychologists and others who study the brain and nervous
system, such as biologists and biochemists.
Question: Psychological Perspective
Correct Answer: The traditional view that behaviour is shaped by psychological processes occurring at the
level of the individual
Question: Social Perspective
Correct Answer: The focus on the importance of social contexts in influencing the behaviour of
individuals
Question: Social Norms
Correct Answer: Rules that define acceptable and expected behaviour for members of a group
Question: Gender Bias in Research
Correct Answer: A tendency for females and female issues to be underrepresented in research,
psychological or otherwise.
