University of Michigan
2 MAXE · 171 OIB
M
★ ★
UMICH Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
EST. 1817
ARTES · SCIENTIA · VERITAS
BIO 171 — Exam 2
P H OTO SY N T H E S I S , C E L L D I V I S I O N , G E N E T I CS , D N A R E P L I C AT I O N & G E N E
E X P R E SS I O N
INSTITUTION University of Michigan COURSE CODE BIO 171
PROGRAM Ecology & Evolutionary Biology ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE BIO 171 Exam 2 — Photosynthesis, TOTAL QUESTIONS 152 Questions
Cell Division & Genetics
COURSE TITLE Introductory Biology: Ecology & FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Evolutionary Biology Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Questions cover photosynthesis, cell division (mitosis/meiosis), Mendelian genetics, DNA replication,
transcription, translation, and signal transduction.
▸ Content is aligned with University of Michigan BIO 171 course objectives.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
, BIO 171 EXAM 2 — PHOTOSYNTHESIS, MITOSIS, MEIOSIS,
Questions 1 – 152
GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
1. The process that converts solar energy into chemical energy is called:
A. Cellular respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Chemosynthesis
D. Fermentation
CORRECT ANSWER B — Photosynthesis
RATIONALE Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert
light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in glucose and other
organic molecules. The overall reaction is 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6
+ 6O2. Cellular respiration (option A) releases energy from organic molecules.
Chemosynthesis (option C) uses chemical energy from inorganic compounds.
Fermentation (option D) is an anaerobic pathway for partial glucose breakdown.
2. Organisms that are the producers of the biosphere, capable of sustaining themselves
without eating other organisms, are called:
A. Heterotrophs
B. Decomposers
C. Autotrophs
D. Consumers
CORRECT ANSWER C — Autotrophs
RATIONALE Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own organic molecules from
inorganic sources — they are the producers of the biosphere. Plants, algae, and
some bacteria are autotrophs. Heterotrophs (option A) must consume other
organisms for organic material. Decomposers (option B) break down dead organic
matter but are themselves heterotrophs. Consumers (option D) are heterotrophs
that eat other organisms.
,3. Autotrophs that specifically use energy from sunlight to make organic molecules via
photosynthesis are called:
A. Chemoautotrophs
B. Photoautotrophs
C. Heterotrophs
D. Saprotrophs
CORRECT ANSWER B — Photoautotrophs
RATIONALE Photoautotrophs use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules
from CO2 and H2O via photosynthesis. Examples include plants, algae, and
cyanobacteria. Chemoautotrophs (option A) use chemical energy from inorganic
compounds like hydrogen sulfide. Heterotrophs (option C) obtain organic
material by consuming other organisms. Saprotrophs (option D) are decomposers
that absorb nutrients from dead organic matter.
4. Organisms that obtain organic material from consuming all or parts of other organisms
are called:
A. Autotrophs
B. Photoautotrophs
C. Heterotrophs
D. Producers
CORRECT ANSWER C — Heterotrophs
RATIONALE Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot produce their own food and must obtain
organic material by consuming other organisms — including animals, fungi, and
many bacteria. Autotrophs (option A) and photoautotrophs (option B) produce
their own organic molecules. Producers (option D) is another term for autotrophs.
, 5. The reproduction of cells that allows for continuity of life, producing genetically identical
daughter cells, is called:
A. Meiosis
B. Cell division
C. Binary fission only
D. Sexual reproduction
CORRECT ANSWER B — Cell division
RATIONALE Cell division is the process by which cells reproduce, allowing for continuity of life.
In mitosis, it produces genetically identical daughter cells with the same genome
as the parent cell. Meiosis (option A) produces genetically diverse gametes. Binary
fission (option C) is a specific type of cell division in prokaryotes. Sexual
reproduction (option D) involves meiosis and fertilization.
6. The life of a cell from its formation to its own division is called the:
A. Cell cycle
B. Mitotic phase
C. Interphase
D. Life span
CORRECT ANSWER A — Cell cycle
RATIONALE The cell cycle is the life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing
parent cell until its own division into two daughter cells. It consists of interphase
(G1, S, G2) and the mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). The mitotic phase
(option B) is only one part of the cycle. Interphase (option C) is the growth and
preparation phase. Life span (option D) refers to the entire duration of an
organism's existence.
2 MAXE · 171 OIB
M
★ ★
UMICH Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
EST. 1817
ARTES · SCIENTIA · VERITAS
BIO 171 — Exam 2
P H OTO SY N T H E S I S , C E L L D I V I S I O N , G E N E T I CS , D N A R E P L I C AT I O N & G E N E
E X P R E SS I O N
INSTITUTION University of Michigan COURSE CODE BIO 171
PROGRAM Ecology & Evolutionary Biology ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE BIO 171 Exam 2 — Photosynthesis, TOTAL QUESTIONS 152 Questions
Cell Division & Genetics
COURSE TITLE Introductory Biology: Ecology & FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Evolutionary Biology Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Questions cover photosynthesis, cell division (mitosis/meiosis), Mendelian genetics, DNA replication,
transcription, translation, and signal transduction.
▸ Content is aligned with University of Michigan BIO 171 course objectives.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
, BIO 171 EXAM 2 — PHOTOSYNTHESIS, MITOSIS, MEIOSIS,
Questions 1 – 152
GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
1. The process that converts solar energy into chemical energy is called:
A. Cellular respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Chemosynthesis
D. Fermentation
CORRECT ANSWER B — Photosynthesis
RATIONALE Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert
light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in glucose and other
organic molecules. The overall reaction is 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6
+ 6O2. Cellular respiration (option A) releases energy from organic molecules.
Chemosynthesis (option C) uses chemical energy from inorganic compounds.
Fermentation (option D) is an anaerobic pathway for partial glucose breakdown.
2. Organisms that are the producers of the biosphere, capable of sustaining themselves
without eating other organisms, are called:
A. Heterotrophs
B. Decomposers
C. Autotrophs
D. Consumers
CORRECT ANSWER C — Autotrophs
RATIONALE Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own organic molecules from
inorganic sources — they are the producers of the biosphere. Plants, algae, and
some bacteria are autotrophs. Heterotrophs (option A) must consume other
organisms for organic material. Decomposers (option B) break down dead organic
matter but are themselves heterotrophs. Consumers (option D) are heterotrophs
that eat other organisms.
,3. Autotrophs that specifically use energy from sunlight to make organic molecules via
photosynthesis are called:
A. Chemoautotrophs
B. Photoautotrophs
C. Heterotrophs
D. Saprotrophs
CORRECT ANSWER B — Photoautotrophs
RATIONALE Photoautotrophs use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules
from CO2 and H2O via photosynthesis. Examples include plants, algae, and
cyanobacteria. Chemoautotrophs (option A) use chemical energy from inorganic
compounds like hydrogen sulfide. Heterotrophs (option C) obtain organic
material by consuming other organisms. Saprotrophs (option D) are decomposers
that absorb nutrients from dead organic matter.
4. Organisms that obtain organic material from consuming all or parts of other organisms
are called:
A. Autotrophs
B. Photoautotrophs
C. Heterotrophs
D. Producers
CORRECT ANSWER C — Heterotrophs
RATIONALE Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot produce their own food and must obtain
organic material by consuming other organisms — including animals, fungi, and
many bacteria. Autotrophs (option A) and photoautotrophs (option B) produce
their own organic molecules. Producers (option D) is another term for autotrophs.
, 5. The reproduction of cells that allows for continuity of life, producing genetically identical
daughter cells, is called:
A. Meiosis
B. Cell division
C. Binary fission only
D. Sexual reproduction
CORRECT ANSWER B — Cell division
RATIONALE Cell division is the process by which cells reproduce, allowing for continuity of life.
In mitosis, it produces genetically identical daughter cells with the same genome
as the parent cell. Meiosis (option A) produces genetically diverse gametes. Binary
fission (option C) is a specific type of cell division in prokaryotes. Sexual
reproduction (option D) involves meiosis and fertilization.
6. The life of a cell from its formation to its own division is called the:
A. Cell cycle
B. Mitotic phase
C. Interphase
D. Life span
CORRECT ANSWER A — Cell cycle
RATIONALE The cell cycle is the life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing
parent cell until its own division into two daughter cells. It consists of interphase
(G1, S, G2) and the mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). The mitotic phase
(option B) is only one part of the cycle. Interphase (option C) is the growth and
preparation phase. Life span (option D) refers to the entire duration of an
organism's existence.
