MLT 120 U7 Exam Questions and Answers
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
Transfusion reactions -Any adverse outcome associated with the
infusion
of blood or a blood component.
-Acute: signs/symptoms occur during or
within 24
hours of completion of transfusion.
-Delayed: signs/symptoms do not occur for
days,
weeks, months or years after transfusion.
Causes of death from transfusion -Bacterial contamination of blood products
reactions leading to sepsis.
-Hemolytic transfusion reactions due to
transfusion
of incompatible PRBCs (usually ABO).
-Transfusion related acute lung injury.
Intravascular hemolysis -Cells are lysed inside the blood vessels.
-Antibody in patient plasma attaches to
corresponding antigen on donor RBCs.
Usually
due to Anti-A, B, Kidd, or lewis A.
-Ag-Ab reaction activates complement,
leading to
lysis of donor cells releasing Hgb, which
binds to
haptoglobin, and excess free hemoglobin
is
excreted into the urine.
,Effects of anaphylatoxins and -Release of anaphylatoxins into
coagulation bloodstream (C3a
and C5a): cause the release of histamine,
serotonin,
and other mediators into bloodstream,
leading to
bronchial constriction, vasodilation, and
renal
failure.
-Activation of coagulation cascade
resulting in DIC.
Extravascular hemolysis -Cells are lysed outside of blood vessels,
usually
occurs in liver or spleen.
-Antibody coated cells in the plasma are
removed
by phagocytes.
-Usually due to Anti-Jka, Fya, or K.
-Symptoms less severe: fever, mild
anemia.
Types of Acute Immunologic -Hemolytic: recipient Ab to donor Ag.
Transfusion reactions -Febrile: recipient antibody to WBC/PLT
antigen.
-Allergic: recipient antibody to soluble
antigen in
donor plasma.
-Anaphylactic: Anti-IgA in recipient plasma
to IgA
in donor blood.
-TRALI: Donor antibody to recipient HLA or
neutrophil antigen.
, AHTR -Lysis of donor RBCs within 24 hours of
transfusion
by preformed alloantibodies in the
recipient's
circulation. Most commonly associated
with ABO
alloantibodies.
-Rare but often fatal. Clerical error leading
to
misidentification of patient/sample/donor
component.
-Severity related to amount of incompatible
RBCS
transfused, patient must be closely
monitored.
AHTR symptoms and treatment -Symptoms can begin after transfusion of
10-15ml
of blood.
-Symptoms include fever, chills, pain at
infusion
site, anxiety, DIC, and renal failure.
-Treatment: transfusion must be stopped
at first
sign of reaction. IV line should be left open
in case
therapeutic intervention is required.
-Suspected transfusion reaction is reported
to
physician and lab to be investigated.
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
Transfusion reactions -Any adverse outcome associated with the
infusion
of blood or a blood component.
-Acute: signs/symptoms occur during or
within 24
hours of completion of transfusion.
-Delayed: signs/symptoms do not occur for
days,
weeks, months or years after transfusion.
Causes of death from transfusion -Bacterial contamination of blood products
reactions leading to sepsis.
-Hemolytic transfusion reactions due to
transfusion
of incompatible PRBCs (usually ABO).
-Transfusion related acute lung injury.
Intravascular hemolysis -Cells are lysed inside the blood vessels.
-Antibody in patient plasma attaches to
corresponding antigen on donor RBCs.
Usually
due to Anti-A, B, Kidd, or lewis A.
-Ag-Ab reaction activates complement,
leading to
lysis of donor cells releasing Hgb, which
binds to
haptoglobin, and excess free hemoglobin
is
excreted into the urine.
,Effects of anaphylatoxins and -Release of anaphylatoxins into
coagulation bloodstream (C3a
and C5a): cause the release of histamine,
serotonin,
and other mediators into bloodstream,
leading to
bronchial constriction, vasodilation, and
renal
failure.
-Activation of coagulation cascade
resulting in DIC.
Extravascular hemolysis -Cells are lysed outside of blood vessels,
usually
occurs in liver or spleen.
-Antibody coated cells in the plasma are
removed
by phagocytes.
-Usually due to Anti-Jka, Fya, or K.
-Symptoms less severe: fever, mild
anemia.
Types of Acute Immunologic -Hemolytic: recipient Ab to donor Ag.
Transfusion reactions -Febrile: recipient antibody to WBC/PLT
antigen.
-Allergic: recipient antibody to soluble
antigen in
donor plasma.
-Anaphylactic: Anti-IgA in recipient plasma
to IgA
in donor blood.
-TRALI: Donor antibody to recipient HLA or
neutrophil antigen.
, AHTR -Lysis of donor RBCs within 24 hours of
transfusion
by preformed alloantibodies in the
recipient's
circulation. Most commonly associated
with ABO
alloantibodies.
-Rare but often fatal. Clerical error leading
to
misidentification of patient/sample/donor
component.
-Severity related to amount of incompatible
RBCS
transfused, patient must be closely
monitored.
AHTR symptoms and treatment -Symptoms can begin after transfusion of
10-15ml
of blood.
-Symptoms include fever, chills, pain at
infusion
site, anxiety, DIC, and renal failure.
-Treatment: transfusion must be stopped
at first
sign of reaction. IV line should be left open
in case
therapeutic intervention is required.
-Suspected transfusion reaction is reported
to
physician and lab to be investigated.
