NUTR 331 CORRECT FINAL EXAMS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔3 disaccharides - ✔✔maltose, sucrose, lactose
✔✔Complex carbohydrates - ✔✔Long chains of sugar units forming starch and
fibre(polysaccharides).
✔✔Starch vs. Glycogen - ✔✔Starch is a plants glucose storage and glycogen is an
animals glucose storage
✔✔Dietary Fibre - ✔✔The indigestible parts of plant foods, largely nonstarch
polysaccharides that are not digested by the human digestive enzymes
✔✔Soluble fibres - ✔✔dissolve in water, viscous, and easily fermented by intestinal
bacteria
✔✔Insoluble fibres - ✔✔does not dissolve, not viscous, and less readily fermented.
Found in the outer layers of whole grains (bran). Helps ease elimination of waste by
shortening digestive transit time.
✔✔Describe how carbohydrates are chemical digested - ✔✔polysaccharides need to be
broken down into monosaccharides starting in the mouth, where amylase starts the
breakdown of starch. Once in the small intestines, pancreatic juices (pancreatic
amylase) will break carbohydrates down into monosaccharides. Single sugars can be
directly absorbed into your bloodstream through intestinal mucosa and go to the liver to
be modified into nutrients useful for the rest of the body.
✔✔What is glucose used for - ✔✔Stored as glycogen or fat,used to produce other
compounds, oxidized for energy, co2, and water
, ✔✔What is meant by lactose intolerant - ✔✔a digestive disorder caused by the inability
to digest lactose (main carb in dairy) due to insufficient lactase. Symptoms include
bloating, gas, cramps
✔✔What are some remedies for lactose intolerance - ✔✔lactase pills, or low lactose
dairy such as cheese, yogurt, lactose free milk.
✔✔Six functions of Carbohydrates - ✔✔1) Maintain blood glucose levels 2) Essential for
providing energy and functioning of specialized nerve, CNS, lungs, and rbc cells 3)
Protein sparing action 4) prevent ketosis 5) Help maintain normal balance of water and
sodium 6) Foods with complex carbs usually are rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals, and
low in fat.
✔✔How do Carbs maintain blood glucose levels - ✔✔Glucose circulates the
bloodstream and supplies energy to all body cells. Signs of low blood sugar include
tiredness, shakiness, hunger. Signs of high blood sugar include sleepiness, urination,
thirst.
✔✔What is protein sparing action - ✔✔Carbs allow optimal functioning of proteins and
allow them to synthesize and maintain body tissues, muscles, and fluids instead of
being converted into glucose
✔✔What is ketosis - ✔✔when there is a lack of carbs in the body, fats are broken down
for energy. When fats are incompletely oxidized, ketone bodies are produced and
accumulates causing acidosis, sweet odour, increase urination.
✔✔How do carbs help maintain water and sodium balance - ✔✔during the excretion of
ketone bodies, sodium binds to acidic ketone and is also excreted with water following.
Loss of sodium means loss of body fluids and leads to dehydration and sodium
imbalance.
✔✔Explain the roles of hormones that regulate blood glucose levels - ✔✔Insulin
decreases blood glucose levels by stimulating liver and muscle tissues to perform
glycolysis when blood glucose is high. Glucagon increases blood glucose by stimulating
liver cells perform gluconeogenesis when blood glucose is low
✔✔What is epinephrine - ✔✔adrenaline released during fight or flight moments. It
stimulates the conversion of liver and muscle glycogen into glucose and energy.
✔✔Identify dietary sources of different monosaccharides, disaccharides, and
polysaccharides - ✔✔grain, fruits, vegetables,
✔✔Identify dietary sources of viscous and nonviscous fibres - ✔✔Fruits, vegetables,
grains, legumes. (viscous fruits and nonviscous wheat bran)
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔3 disaccharides - ✔✔maltose, sucrose, lactose
✔✔Complex carbohydrates - ✔✔Long chains of sugar units forming starch and
fibre(polysaccharides).
✔✔Starch vs. Glycogen - ✔✔Starch is a plants glucose storage and glycogen is an
animals glucose storage
✔✔Dietary Fibre - ✔✔The indigestible parts of plant foods, largely nonstarch
polysaccharides that are not digested by the human digestive enzymes
✔✔Soluble fibres - ✔✔dissolve in water, viscous, and easily fermented by intestinal
bacteria
✔✔Insoluble fibres - ✔✔does not dissolve, not viscous, and less readily fermented.
Found in the outer layers of whole grains (bran). Helps ease elimination of waste by
shortening digestive transit time.
✔✔Describe how carbohydrates are chemical digested - ✔✔polysaccharides need to be
broken down into monosaccharides starting in the mouth, where amylase starts the
breakdown of starch. Once in the small intestines, pancreatic juices (pancreatic
amylase) will break carbohydrates down into monosaccharides. Single sugars can be
directly absorbed into your bloodstream through intestinal mucosa and go to the liver to
be modified into nutrients useful for the rest of the body.
✔✔What is glucose used for - ✔✔Stored as glycogen or fat,used to produce other
compounds, oxidized for energy, co2, and water
, ✔✔What is meant by lactose intolerant - ✔✔a digestive disorder caused by the inability
to digest lactose (main carb in dairy) due to insufficient lactase. Symptoms include
bloating, gas, cramps
✔✔What are some remedies for lactose intolerance - ✔✔lactase pills, or low lactose
dairy such as cheese, yogurt, lactose free milk.
✔✔Six functions of Carbohydrates - ✔✔1) Maintain blood glucose levels 2) Essential for
providing energy and functioning of specialized nerve, CNS, lungs, and rbc cells 3)
Protein sparing action 4) prevent ketosis 5) Help maintain normal balance of water and
sodium 6) Foods with complex carbs usually are rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals, and
low in fat.
✔✔How do Carbs maintain blood glucose levels - ✔✔Glucose circulates the
bloodstream and supplies energy to all body cells. Signs of low blood sugar include
tiredness, shakiness, hunger. Signs of high blood sugar include sleepiness, urination,
thirst.
✔✔What is protein sparing action - ✔✔Carbs allow optimal functioning of proteins and
allow them to synthesize and maintain body tissues, muscles, and fluids instead of
being converted into glucose
✔✔What is ketosis - ✔✔when there is a lack of carbs in the body, fats are broken down
for energy. When fats are incompletely oxidized, ketone bodies are produced and
accumulates causing acidosis, sweet odour, increase urination.
✔✔How do carbs help maintain water and sodium balance - ✔✔during the excretion of
ketone bodies, sodium binds to acidic ketone and is also excreted with water following.
Loss of sodium means loss of body fluids and leads to dehydration and sodium
imbalance.
✔✔Explain the roles of hormones that regulate blood glucose levels - ✔✔Insulin
decreases blood glucose levels by stimulating liver and muscle tissues to perform
glycolysis when blood glucose is high. Glucagon increases blood glucose by stimulating
liver cells perform gluconeogenesis when blood glucose is low
✔✔What is epinephrine - ✔✔adrenaline released during fight or flight moments. It
stimulates the conversion of liver and muscle glycogen into glucose and energy.
✔✔Identify dietary sources of different monosaccharides, disaccharides, and
polysaccharides - ✔✔grain, fruits, vegetables,
✔✔Identify dietary sources of viscous and nonviscous fibres - ✔✔Fruits, vegetables,
grains, legumes. (viscous fruits and nonviscous wheat bran)
